Scientific Method

• Formulate testable questions (Hypothesis)
• Design study to collect data (Experimental/Descriptive)
• Analyze data to arrive at a conclusion (Statistical Procedures)
• Report Results (Publication/Replication)

• Naturalistic
• Case Studies
• Surveys
• Correlational method

• Directly observing behavior as it occurs in its natural environment.
• Ex:Animal obsevation in the wild.
• Advantage:You are able to observe the true role of the subject's actions.
• Limitations:It cannot have any controls.

• Highly detailed description of a single individual
• EX:Used to investigate rare, unusual, or extreme cases and conditions.
• Usefull to study unusual cases

• Designed to investigate opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of a particular group.
• EX:US census
• Can be used to represent a large # of people.
• Limitations:Examples have to be representative.

• Collects a set of facts organized into two or more categories.
• EX:Examine the relationship between categories.
• Help isolate certain factors, and make small predictions

Strategies for infering cause and effect relashionships among variables

Must have at least two levels

• Informed consent and voluntary participation
• Students as participants
• Use of deception
• Confidentiality of information
• Information about the study and debriefing

Types of neurons:

Sensory