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Definition
| world's most common genetic disorder; muscle destroying disease |
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Term
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) |
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Definition
Most common and serious type; Inherited, sex-linked gene “carried” by females and expressed in males (1/3500) as lack of the cytoplasmic protein dystrophin
• Usually diagnosed between the ages of 2 and 10; Victims become clumsy and fall frequently as their muscles fail; progresses from the extremities upward; Victims usually die of respiratory failure in their 20s |
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Definition
| Provide the major force for producing a specific movement |
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Definition
| Oppose or reverse a particular movement |
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Definition
| add force to a movement; reduce undesirable or unnecessary movement |
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Definition
| Synergists that immobilize a bone or muscle’s origin so that all force is applied to the desired movement |
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Definition
| Fascicles arranged in concentric rings (e.g., orbicularis oris) |
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Definition
| Fascicles converge toward a single tendon insertion (e.g., pectoralis major) |
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Definition
| Fascicles parallel to the long axis of a straplike muscle (e.g., sartorius) |
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Definition
| Spindle-shaped muscles with parallel fibers (e.g., biceps brachii) |
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Definition
| Short fascicles attach obliquely to a central tendon running the length of the muscle (e.g., rectus femoris) |
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Definition
| rigid bar (bone) that moves on a fixed point or fulcrum (joint) |
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Definition
| force (supplied by muscle contraction) applied to a lever to move a resistance (load) |
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Definition
| resistance (bone + tissues + any added weight) moved by the effort |
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Definition
| ulcrum between load and effort as in a car jack or extending/hyperextending your head |
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Definition
| Load between fulcrum and effort as in a wheelbarrow or standing “tiptoe” |
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Definition
| Effort applied between fulcrum and load; These always work at a mechanical disadvantage as in using a shovel |
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Definition
| cerebrum; cerebral hemispheres (cortex, white matter, basal nuclei) |
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Definition
| diencephalon; thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, retina |
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Definition
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Definition
| brain stem; pons, cerebellum |
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Definition
| brain stem; medulla oblongata |
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Definition
| three connective tissue membranes that lie just external to the CNS organs |
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Definition
| cover and protect the CNS; protect blood vessels and enclose venous sinuses; contain cerebrospinal fluid; form partition in the skull |
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Definition
| Strongest meninx; Two layers of fibrous connective tissue (around the brain) separate to form dural sinuses and dural septa |
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Definition
| middle layer with weblike extensions; potential space in the cranium; permits CSF reabsorption |
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Definition
| layer of delicate vascularized connective tissue that clings tightly to the brain |
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Definition
| 80-150 ml volume; clear, colorless liquid; protects and nourishes brain and spinal cord More Na+, Cl-, and H+ Less Ca2+ and K+ |
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Definition
| surface gray matter and deeper areas of white matter; cortex of cerebellum and cerebrum |
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Definition
| centra cavity is surround by a gray matter core external white matter is composed of myelinated fiber tracts |
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Term
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Definition
| Separates the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe and the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| separates the two hemispheres |
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Term
| transverse cerebral fissure |
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Definition
| seperates the cerebrum and the cerebellum |
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Definition
| control voluntary movement |
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Definition
| conscious awareness of sensation |
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Definition
| integrate diverse information |
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Definition
| controls learned, repetitious or patterned motor skills; coordinated simultaneous or sequential actions; involved in planning of movements |
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Definition
| only in left hemisphere; a motor speech area that directs muscles of the tongue; active as one prepares to speak |
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