Term
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Definition
- Washington and his troops camped in December 1777
- Harsh conditions and low supplies
- Fighting against Britain during the Revolutionary War
- Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
- Cut off from the rest of the states
- sent a letter for supplies to all states except Georgia
- Disease spread and 2,000 died
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Term
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Definition
- Armed bodies of men drawn from local communities (Militia)
- Left over from the Continental Army
- Defended their own areas
- Citizen-soldiers
- 1776
- To defend the homes rather than attacking
- Militiamen did not win the war but did have an influence
- Resisited discipline
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Term
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Definition
- North American men of fighting age (200,000 saw action)
- In 1777 Washinton's army had grown to 9,000 men
- Discipline - close rage fighting with bayonettes
- Organized army in North America
- To fight against the British forces
- Had to respond to the commands around the use of cannons
- Enlisted through a draft
- Highest casualty rates
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Term
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Definition
- The wife of John Adams
- Ran the family farm at Quincy
- Women assumed the management of the family
- Wrote frequently and elegantly to her husband
- Wrote about the American fight for Indipendance
- Later wrte about the structure of the new government
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Term
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Definition
- Lived in Boston - center of Patriot activity
- Daughter of James Otis
- Published a series of satires supporting the American coause and scorning the Loylists
- 1765 was aged 36
- Directly involved in Patricotic politics
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Term
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Definition
- Mary Ludwig Hayes (McCauley)
- Not socially prominant
- courage in bringing water to the Patriots during the battle of Monmouth (June 1778)
- When he husband was overcome with heat, she took his place at the cannon
- When another woman's husband died in battle, she took his place
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Term
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Definition
- 1/5 of the American population that remained loyal to the crown
- Called themselves loyalists
- were known by the Patriots as Tories
- Strongest in the Lower South
- Weakest in New England
- British colonial officials as well as Anglican clergymen
- They were mobbed in the late 1770s
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Term
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Definition
- Most infamous American supporter of the British
- His name became synonymous with treason
- Had been a hero of the early Revolutionary battles of the Revolutionary War
- 1779 - became a paid informer of a British general
- Was caught in the act of treason and fled to the Brittish
- was made a brigadier general for the British
- paid for his work
- His hometome destroyed his family graves
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Term
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Definition
- As the colonists were forming the Declaration of Indipendance the British organized (July 1776)
- Attacked in late August and inflicted heavy casualties
- Under Washington's command the militia proved unreliable under fire
- Ended in disaster for the Patriots
- Long Island, New York
- Forced to withdraw across the East River to Manhattan
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Term
| General Charles Cornwallis |
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Definition
- British general
- Fought against Washington at White Planes and overran American posts on either side of the Hudson River
- November - the Americans were fleeing south across New Jesrey to escape him
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Term
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Definition
- Sparked by the Battle of Ticonderoga
- In 1777 Gen. Horatio Gates commanded the American army
- Gen. Gates surrounded Gen. Burgoyne and he retreated to Saratoga
- October 17, 1777 Gen. Burgoyne surrendered himself and 6000 men
- Largest British defeat until Yorktown
- Forced the nations fo Europe to recognzie that the Americans had a fighting change to win their Revolution
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Term
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Definition
- June 28, 1778 (many died from heat stroke)
- Washington and Lee vs. Clinton and Cornwallis
- Monmouth, New Jersey
- Lee ordered his men to retreat against Washingtons orders (later suspended)
- British wanted to move their men to protect New York
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Term
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Definition
- Cheif of the Mowhawks
- Sided with Great Britain during the Revolution
- Lived in New York among the Iroquois
- Was rejected by other Native American cheifs since they sided on with the Patriots
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Term
| Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
- November 1777 they were formally adopted by the Contenental Congress and sent to the states for raification
- Created a national assembly, delegates, and a president
- Granted Congress national authority on foreign affairs
- Created a national governemtn of specific,yet sharply circumscribed powers
- 12 voted in favor of ratification
- Virigina was the last to ratify in 1778
- Took effect in March 1778
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Term
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Definition
- April 1782 - Benjamin Franklin met with the British emissary in Paris
- French attempted to manipulate the outcome
- A series of separate agreements among the United States, Britain, France, and Spain
- Signed at Versailles - September 3, 1783
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Term
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Definition
- Attended the Treaty of Paris in 1782-1783
- Appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs once he returned
- Wrote the Federalist papers
- argue in support of ratification of the Constitution
- Sent to Britian to negotiate the western borders
- resulted in Jay's Treaty (unpopular with the public)
- Became governor of New York
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Term
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Definition
- Ordered system federal survey of newly incorperated lands
- Divided land into townships composed of 36 sections of one sqaure mile
- Adopted by many other nations
- Improved upon "metes and bounds" system
- Used for al of the wester territories
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Term
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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Definition
- Established a system of government for the territory north of the Ohio
- Brought territory to an equal basis with the other states
- Later changed into 5 states
- Outlawed slavery north of the Ohio River
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Term
| George Mason/ Bill of Rights |
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Definition
- 1776 - Mason drafted the declaration of rights for Virginia
- Proposed the Inaliable Rights for all people
- 1787 - proposed that a Bill of Rights should prelude the Constitution of the United States but was defeated
- Madison later proposed the same rights that were accepted
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Term
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Definition
- Kidnaped in Africa when she was a girl
- Purchased off the Boston docks and was treated more like a daughter than a slave
- Married and lived as a free woman of color
- Wrote poems about her piety and her concern for her people
- Published in London in 1773
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