Term
|
Definition
| specific tooth or surfaces of a tooth that have periodontal disease |
|
|
Term
| What are local contributing factors? |
|
Definition
| oral conditions that increase an individual's susceptibility to periodontal disease, increase risk |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of local contributing factors? |
|
Definition
-calculus
-faulty restorations
-dental decay |
|
|
Term
| Do local contributing factors initiate perio disease? |
|
Definition
| no, they contribut to the process already initiated by bacterial biofilm, increase the risk |
|
|
Term
| What are some ways in which local contributing factors increase the risk for periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
1.increase biofilm retention
2.incease biofilm pathogenicity
3.cause direct damage to the periodomtium |
|
|
Term
| What are some local factors that increase biofilm retention? |
|
Definition
-calculus
-tooth morphology |
|
|
Term
| Why does bacteria gather on the surface of calculus? |
|
Definition
-surface is irregular
-rough surface harbors bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Is the surface of caculus always covered with bacteria? |
|
Definition
| yes, it is always covered with disease causing bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What are some factors that effect the calculus attachment to the tooth surface? |
|
Definition
-aquired pellicle
-tooth irregularities
-direct contact to the tooth |
|
|
Term
| What are some tooth morphology factors that increase biofilm retention? |
|
Definition
-developmental grooves
-root concavities |
|
|
Term
| What do root concavities harbor? What do they cause? |
|
Definition
-harbor bacteria
-cause increase incidence of disease |
|
|
Term
| Where are root concavities usually found? Are they easy to clean? |
|
Definition
-mesial, buccal concavities
-deep pockets
*no they are impossible for the patient to clean* |
|
|
Term
| Can flosses effectively remove the biofilm found in a concavity? If not what can? |
|
Definition
| no floss cannot effectively remove biofilm in concavities, interdental brushes are more effective |
|
|
Term
| What are some other anatomic factors? (3) |
|
Definition
1.cervical enamel projections
2.enamel pearls
3.position of teeth in arch |
|
|
Term
| What are some dental related factors that can cause damage to the periodomtium? |
|
Definition
-restorations
-untreated caries
-orthodontics |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of restorations that can cause damage to the periodomtium? |
|
Definition
-rough surfaces
-over contoured restorations
-overhangs
-trauma |
|
|
Term
| Why does untreated tooth decay cause periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
| because decay harbors periodontal pathogens, and if untreated the grow undisturbed |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of an orthodontic appliance that causes damage to the periodontium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some things that cause direct damage to the periodontium? (4) |
|
Definition
-food impaction
-patient habits
-faulty restorations
-occlusal forces |
|
|
Term
| What does food impaction do to the tooth? |
|
Definition
-strips gingival tissues away from tooth surface
-alters gingival contour (resulting in interdental areas that are hard for the patient to clean) |
|
|
Term
| What are some patient habits that cause direct damage to the periodontium? (3) |
|
Definition
-improper use of self-care aids (flossing too hard)
-misuse of toothpicks
-tongue thrusts |
|
|
Term
| How does damage from faulty restorations occur? |
|
Definition
| the encroach on the biological width- the margin of the crown is closer than 2 mm from the crest of the alveolar bone, causes resorption of bone |
|
|
Term
| What is the biological width? |
|
Definition
| the space inhabited by the JE and the connective tissue fibers |
|
|
Term
| What is the biological width? |
|
Definition
| the space inhabited by the JE and the connective tissue fibers |
|
|
Term
| What can bulky crowns result in? What happens to the papilla? |
|
Definition
| inadequate space between teeth, the papilla then enlarge because it is pushed up between the teeth |
|
|
Term
| What can faulty removable prosthesis cause? |
|
Definition
| -damage to the gingival tissues, thus promoting biofilm retention |
|
|
Term
| What are functional occlusal forces? |
|
Definition
| normal forces when chewing food |
|
|
Term
| What are parafunctional chewing forces? |
|
Definition
| forces not associated with chewing food |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of some parafunctional occlusal forces? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do parafunctional occlusal forces cause? What can be done to stop this? |
|
Definition
-can cause damage to the periodontium
-thearpy or night guard |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs of trauma from occlusion? |
|
Definition
-tooth mobility
-sensitivity to pressure
-migration of teeth
-enlarged funnel shaped PDL
-alveolar bone resorption |
|
|
Term
| What is some radiographic evidence of trauma from occlusion? |
|
Definition
-loss of aveolar bone along the lateral surfaces
-widening of the PDL |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that can cause primary occlusal trauma? |
|
Definition
-high restoration
-excessive force on abutement teeth from partial denture |
|
|
Term
| What does primary occlusal trauma cause? |
|
Definition
| -wider PDL, tooth mobility, pain |
|
|
Term
| Are the changes with primary occlusal trauma reversible? |
|
Definition
| yes, if the trauma is removed |
|
|
Term
| What is primary occlusal trauma? |
|
Definition
| injury to the periodomtium resulting from excessive occlusal forces |
|
|
Term
| What is secondary occlusal trauma? |
|
Definition
| injury to the periodontium from normal occlusal forces on a reduced periodontium (previously damaged) |
|
|
Term
| What may secondary occlusal trauma result in? |
|
Definition
| rapid bone loss and pocket formation |
|
|
Term
| What do lateral occlusal forces cause? |
|
Definition
| tipping of the tooth within the socket |
|
|
Term
| What does the "P" in lateral occlusal forces cause? The "T"? |
|
Definition
P=area of pressure (the way the tooth is leaning)
T=area of tension (the tooth is leaning away from the area) |
|
|
Term
| What happens to teeth with reduced bone height? |
|
Definition
| -teeth with reduced bone height from perio disease get moved laterally from tooth next to it |
|
|
Term
| Smokers are BLANK to BLANK times more likely to have severe loss of attachment. |
|
Definition
| Smokers are 12 to 14 times more likely to have severe loss of attachment. |
|
|
Term
| What are smokers more likely to loose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How likely are smokers to exhibit periodontal destruction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Smokers are BLANK times more likely to be infected with periodontal pathogens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are smokers likely to clinically exhibit? |
|
Definition
-more attachment loss and recession
-more alveolar bone loss
-more deep pockets
-more furcations
-more tooth loss |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the most important risk factors for periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
| smoking, causes an increased inflammatory response |
|
|
Term
| What does the tissue look like with smokers? |
|
Definition
-reduced clinical inflammation(edema)
-fibrotic appearance
-reduced bleeding |
|
|
Term
| Does lack of bleeding upon probing or no signs of inflammation indicate health in smokers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does tobacco smoke inhibit? |
|
Definition
| leukocyte(PMN) and macrophage defensive functions |
|
|
Term
| What does tobacco smoke increase? |
|
Definition
| the production of cytokins(inflammatory mediators) |
|
|
Term
| What does smoking impair? |
|
Definition
| healing--> less probing depth reduction or attachment gain |
|
|
Term
| When a cigarette is smoked, how many chemicals are released? How many of those are cancer casuing? |
|
Definition
| 4,000 chemicals released, 60 of those are cancer causing |
|
|
Term
| What is the severity of periodontal attachment loss directly related to in smokers? |
|
Definition
-# cigarettes smoked/day
-# of years the individual has smoked |
|
|
Term
| What is strongly recommended in periodontal therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ADA's method for tobacco cessation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some systemic risk factors for periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
-tobacco use
-diabetes
-leukemia
-AIDs
-osteoperosis
-hormonal variations
-down syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Genetics may account for BLANK percent of periodontal disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the genetic factor that can cause perio? |
|
Definition
| abnormalities in PMN function can lead to overwheling bacterial infection and severe periodontal destruction |
|
|
Term
| Are there genetic tests for periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
-no, they are difficult to develop
-there is not a single gene responsible for it |
|
|
Term
| What can systemic medications do? |
|
Definition
| increase the risk of periodontal disease |
|
|
Term
| What does sugar do to the pH of your mouth? |
|
Definition
| decrease(increases acidic pH) |
|
|
Term
| What is sugar metabolized by? |
|
Definition
| bacteria which demineralizes enamel |
|
|
Term
| WHat are some drugs with Xerostomic effects? |
|
Definition
-antihypertensives
-narcotics
-tranquilizers
-diruetics
-antimetabolites
-antihistamines
-sedatives
**more than 400 OTC & Rx drugs** |
|
|
Term
| What are the three major classes of drugs that cause gingival enlargement? |
|
Definition
1.Anticonvulsants(phenytoin-Dilantin, seen with 50%)
2.immunosuppressive(autoimmune and transplant patients- cyclysporine, 25%)
3.Calcium channel blockers(anti hypertensive, angina, arrythmias, nifedipine- 38%) |
|
|
Term
| At least BLANK medications have the potential to enlarge the gingiva. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary etiology of perio? |
|
Definition
-bacteria!
-AA, Tanerella forsythesis, P. Gingivalis (mr.perio) |
|
|
Term
| What are some other risk factors? |
|
Definition
-heredity(immune deficiency, genetic syndrome)
-systemic disease(diabetes)
-medications |
|
|
Term
| What are some habits that can increase the risk for periodontitis? |
|
Definition
-self care(plaque control)
-professional care(recall)
-smoking
-alcohol
-diet |
|
|
Term
| What are some social atmosphere things that can increase the risk for periodonitits? (5) |
|
Definition
-family/upbringing
-culture
-socioeconomic factors
-access to dental care
-dental insurance |
|
|
