Term
| what is Biological Rhythm |
|
Definition
A periodic, more or less regular fluctuation in a biological system; it may or may not have psychological implications
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generated from within rather than by external cues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Biological rythm with a period (from peak to peak through) of about 24 hours; for the Latin circa, "about," and dies, "a day." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An area of the brain containing a biological clock that governs circadian rhythms |
|
|
Term
| What is One hormone regulated by the SCN Is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is occuring when people take airplain flights across different time zones. |
|
Definition
Internal Desynchronization- A state in which biological rhythms are not in phase with one another |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when people become depressed during certain particular seasons?? |
|
Definition
Seasonal Affective disorder (SAD)- A controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during the winter and an improvement of mood in the spring |
|
|
Term
| What is the first stage of sleep? |
|
Definition
| Your brian waves become small and irregular, and you feel your self drifting on the edge of consciousness, in a state of light sleep. If awakened, you may recall fantasies or a few visual images |
|
|
Term
What happens in the second stage of sleep?
|
|
Definition
| Your brain emits occasional short bursts of rapid, high-peaking waves called sleep spindles. Minor noises probably wont disturb you. |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the 3rd stage of sleep |
|
Definition
| In addition to the waves that are characteristic of Stage 2, your brain emits occasionally emits delta waves, very slow waves with very high peaks. Your breathing and pulse have slowed down, your muscles are relaxed, and you are hard to awaken. |
|
|
Term
| What takes place in the 4th stage of sleep |
|
Definition
| Delta waves have now largely taken over, and you are in deep sleep. It will probably take vigorous shaking or a loud noise to awaken you. Oddly, thought, if you walk in your sleep, this is when you are likely to do so. No one yet knows what causes sleepwalking, which occurs more often in children than adults, but it seems to involve unusual patterns of delta-wave activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is basically to provide a time-out period, so that the body can eliminate waste products from muscles, repair cells, conserve or replenish energy stores, strengthen the immune system and recover abilities lost during the day. |
|
|
Term
| Anothger cause of daytime sleepjess is what? |
|
Definition
| Sleep Apnea- A disorder in which breathing briefly stops during sleep causing the person to choke and gasp an momentarily awaking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sleep Apena is a disorder in which breathing briefly stops during sleep, causing the person to choke and gasp and momentarily awaken. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disorder involving sudden and uynpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness or lapses into REM asleep |
|
|
Term
| What is REM Behavior Disorder |
|
Definition
| A disorder in which the muscle paralysis that normally occurs during REM sleep and is absent or incomplete, and the sleeper is able to act out in his or her dreams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which a memory becomes durable and stable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dreams in which the dreamer is aware of dreaming |
|
|
Term
| The fourth approach of dreaming is what? |
|
Definition
| Activation-Synthesis- The theory that dreaming results from thecortical syynthesis and interpretation of neural signals triggered by activity in the lower part of the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A procedure in which the practitoner suggests changes in a subject's sensations, preceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Hypnotic responsiveness depends more on the efforts and qualities of person being hypnotized than on the skill of the Hypnotist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2) Hypnotized people cannot be forced to do things against there will |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3) Feats performed under hypnosis can be performed by motivated people without hypnosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4) Hypnosis does not increase the accuracy of memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6) Hypnotic suggestions have been used effectively for many medical and psychological purposes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Split in cosciousness in which one part of the mind operates independently of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychoactive drugs- drugs capable of influencing percepption, mood, cognition, or behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulants- Drugs that speed up activity in the central nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Depressants- Drugs that slow activity in the central nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opiates- Drugs, derived from the opium poppy, that relieve pain and commonly produce euphoria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Psychedelic Drugs- Consciousnessaltering drugs that produce hallucinations, change thought processes, or disrupt the normal perception of time and space.
|
|
|
Term
| The Physiology of drug effects 1 |
|
Definition
| 1) Experience with the drug refers to the number of times a person has taken it. |
|
|
Term
| The Physiology of drug effects 2 |
|
Definition
| Individual characteristics include body weight, metabolism, inital state of emotional arousal, personality characteristics, and physical tolerance for the drug. |
|
|
Term
| The Physiology of drug effects 3 |
|
Definition
| Environmental setting "refers to the context in which a person takes the drug |
|
|
Term
| The Physiology of drug effects 4 |
|
Definition
| "Mental Set" refers to a person's expectations about the drug's effects and reasons for taking it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by physical objects |
|
|
Term
| What do we need to make sence of the world impinging our senses? |
|
Definition
| Perception- A set of mental operations that organizes sensory impulses into meaningful patterns. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by physical objects; it occurs when energy in the external environment or the body stimulates receptors in the sense organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information |
|
|
Term
| Sensation begins with what? |
|
Definition
| Sense Receptors- Specialized cells that convert physical energy in the environment or the body to electrical energy that can be transmitted as nerve impulses to the brain |
|
|
Term
| Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies |
|
Definition
| The principle that different sensory modalilites exist because signals recived by the sense organs stimulate different nerve pathways leading to different areas of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Condition in which stimulation of one sense also evokes another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest difference in stimulation that can be reliably detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared, also called just noticeable difference (jnd) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A psychophysical theory that divides the detection of a sensory process and decision process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The reduction or dissaperance of sensory responsiveness when stimulation us unchanging or repetitious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Absence of normal levels of sensory stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hue- The dimension of visual experience specified by color names and related to the wavelength of light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brightness- Lightness or luminance; the dimension of visual experience related to the amount (Intensity) of light emitted from or reflected by an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Saturation- Vividness or purity of color; the dimensions of visual experience related to the complexity of light waves |
|
|
Term
| Unconditional Stimulus (US) |
|
Definition
| The classical conditioning term for a stimulus that elicts a reflexive response in the absence of learning |
|
|
Term
| Unconditioned Response (UR) |
|
Definition
| The classical-conditioning term for a reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning |
|
|
Term
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) |
|
Definition
| The classical conditioning term for an initally neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus |
|
|
Term
| Conditioned Response (CR) |
|
Definition
| The classical conditioning term for a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus; it occurs after the conditioned stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response. Also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning |
|
|
Term
| What is operant conditioning |
|
Definition
| The process by which a response becomes more likely to occur or less so, depending on its consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which a stimulus or event strengthens or increases the probability of the response that it follows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which a stimulus or event weakens or reduces the probability of the response that it follows. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A stimulus that is inherently reinforcing, typically satisfying a physiological need; example food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A stimulus that is inherently punishing; an example is electric shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through association with other reinforcers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Stimulus that has acquired punishing properties through association with other punishers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reinforcement procedure in which a response is followed by the presentation of, or increased in intensity of, a reinforcing stimulus; as a result, the response becomes stronger or more likely to occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reinforcement procedure in which a response is followed by the removal, delay, or decrease in intensity of an unpleasant stimulus; as a result, the response becomes stronger or more likely to occur |
|
|
