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| What is political socialization and what are the agents? |
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Political socialization is the process byw hich citizens acquire politically relevant knowledge, beleifs, attitutdes, and patterns of behavior.
The agents are family, school, religion, law, media, and peer groups. |
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legally enforcing freedoms, to act or not act, and to be free from unwarranted official intrusions into one’s life. Ex: · 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th Amendments restricted government in fighting crime – you need restrictions to ensure your freedom. The 1st Amendment guarantees free expression and religious freedom Bill of Rights |
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Political Ideology is an integrated set of political ideas. Political ideology spells out what is valued and what isn’t in addition what should be maintained in society, what we should change. |
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The ideological difference most Americans only tend to differ in ________ and _________.
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| Programs or facilities that are racially segregated by private choice or by private discrimination, not because of law or public policy. |
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| Programs or facilities that are racially segregated because of law or public policy. |
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| Regional differences in racism |
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Racism has been more visible in the south historically because southern politicians were systematic in excluding black from political process. Until 1970s government had focused its desegregation efforts in the south only. |
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| Desegregation by Supreme Court decisions and who was the key attorney? |
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Brown v Board of Education The key attorney was Thurgood Marshall representing the NAACP. |
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| First of the Civil War Amendments. Banned slavery throughout the United States. |
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| Prohibits stae action denying and person "the equal protection of the laws" |
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| Removes race as a qualification for voting. |
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| Relationship of 14th Amendment to Bill of Rights |
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| Originally the Bill of Rights only restrained the national government. Bill of Rights only applies to the national government for most of our history. 14th amendment – 1860 – was used to apply the Bill of rights to the State governments. |
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| Voting Rights Significance. |
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| The voting rights act of 1965 is the most important voting rights legislation ever executed by congress because it made an impact in overcoming racial barriers. |
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The 1st Amendment guarantees
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The 1st Amendment guarantees free expression and religious freedom. 1st Amendment states clearly that the government may not abridge freedom of speech or the right to assemble peacefully. |
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| What tests are used to test freedom? |
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Clear and Present Danger Test - Determined when speech could be suppressed under the First Amendment Bad Tendency Test - supression of speech if it might promote a harmful result. Incitement test - current test that asks whether a speech act attempts to or is likely to incite lawless action |
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| Challenges to the 1st Amendment. |
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| Symbolic Speech, for example burning the American Flag is consitutuonal. Religious expression |
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| Bill of Rights restraints on governemt -- |
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| Originally the Bill of Rights only restrained the national government. |
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| Supreme Court decisions related to Bill of Rights |
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| 14th amendment – 1860 – was used to apply the Bill of rights to the State governments. |
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| Civil rights surround or include the participation. That participation is a citizens’ rights under the law to take part of a society on an equal basis. Ex. Right to vote. |
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| Combination of the views, attitudes, and ideas held by individuals in a community. No single public opinion, there is a wide variety of view points. |
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| Fluctuation considerably in response to social, political, and economic events. |
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Following Politics Contacting Public Officials Protests Withing and Beyond the Law |
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| Public Policy Remidies to Segregation |
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Brown V Board of Education. Affirmative Action Voting Rights Act |
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| Racial discrimination in voting. Devices. |
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Definition
Grandfather clause – in state constitutions used to exclude black men from the political process, It worked by asking did your grandfather vote? Black men had to pay a poll tax and pass a literary test White primary – a law that said that blacks couldn’t vote in the primary used be the Democratic party. Said they were a private club. It was the most effective in disenfranchising blacks men. |
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| Most discrimination based on sex are genereally forbidden by the statute and by the Supreme Court's interpretation of the 14th Amendment. |
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| The American system of criminal justice insists not simply that a person be proved guilty, but that the guilt is proven in the legally prescribed way. |
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| official authorization to search ,seize and arrest. |
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| A law that imposes punishment bu bypasses the procedural safeguards of the legal process. -- Unconstitutional. |
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| Laws that make an act a crime after it was commited or increase the punishment for a crime already comitted -- unconsitutional. |
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| A standard used in determining when police can conduct arrests and searches. |
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| judicial mandate requiring that a prisoner be brought before the court to determine whether the government has the right to continue detaining them. |
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| the rule that evidence secured by illegal means and in bad faith cannot be introduced in a criminal trial. |
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| 38/50 allow capital punishment. Racially discriminating? |
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| What are the six political ideologies? |
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| 1. Liberalism 2. Conservatism 3. Neo 4. New Right 5. Democratic Socialism 6. Libertarianism |
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Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson Governemnt should play a minimal role in society and should permit maximum economic freedom for the individual. |
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| Populism and Progressivism |
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| · Progressives supported workers compensation a ban on child labor, regulation of corporations and minimum wage. · Populist part – started by Thomas Watson in Georgia. Was supposed to bring white and black people together but racism took over. · Populism stood for the democratization of government and for economic reform. Called for direct election of senators. Secret ballot. Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson |
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New Deal expounded on progressivism and populism. Social security through Franklin Roosevelt. says that the positive state can’t solve problems collectively through government. |
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free trade, reform entitlement programs, strong but economical defense, create wealth Bill Clinton and Al Gore |
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| · Industrial revolution – social Darwinism is a conservative theory of the industrial age. Survival of the fittest. · A conservative believes that humans nature is essentially self-interested usually supports Republican party, support liberty over equality. Usually favors government enforcement of moral values |
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| A defense of the politcal and economic status quo against forces of change, holding that estavlished customs, laws, and traditions should guide society. |
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| An ideology that regards the individual as a rational being capable of overcoming obstacles to a better world and supports changes in the political and economic status quo. |
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| Psychological attaqchment that a citizen may feel toward a particular political party. |
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| A persons sense of being able to accomplish something politically. |
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| A motivating factor felt by some citizens to get involved in politics. |
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