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Chapters 4-5
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37
Physics
8th Grade
06/14/2010

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Term
formula for work
Definition
W = Fd
Term
mech. adv. of a wheel and axle
Definition
radius of wheel
---------------
radius of axle
Term
mech. adv. of an inclined plane
Definition
length of incline
-----------------
height of incline
Term
mech. of a lever
Definition
Le
--
Lr
Term
Lever work equation
Definition
Le x E = Lr x R
Term
Mech. Adv. (general equation)
Definition
Output force
------------
Input force
Term
Efficiency formula
Definition
output work
-----------
input work

x 100%
Term
In order to do work on an object...
Definition
the force you exert must be in the same direction as the object's motion
Term
no work without ______
Definition
MOTION
Term
define machine
Definition
device that makes work easier, faster, or changes the direction of work
Term
define machine
Definition
device that makes work easier, faster, or changes the direction of work
Term
input force
Definition
the force you exert on a machine
Term
output force
Definition
force exerted by the machine
Term
the output force is always ______ than the input force
Definition
less
Term
mechanical advantage of multiplying force
Definition
MA > 1
Term
mechanical advantage of multiplying distance
Definition
MA < 1
Term
mechanical advantage of changing direction
Definition
MA = 1
Term
define actual mechanical advantage
Definition
real-life MA
Term
define ideal mechanical advantage
Definition
MA of a machine without friction
Term
the more efficient a machine is, the ________ it is to its ideal mechanical advantage
Definition
closer
Term
name the six basic kinds of simple machines
Definition
-inclined plane
-wedge
-screw
-lever
-wheel and axle
-pulley
Term
define inclined plane
Definition
flat, slanted surface
Term
advantage of incline plane
Definition
increases distance
Term
the longer the incline, the _____ input force you need to push or pull an object
Definition
less
Term
no machine is 100% _______ because of ________
Definition
efficient, friction
Term
define wedge
Definition
device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge at the other end
Term
advantage of a wedge
Definition
force is increased
Term
define screw
Definition
an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder
Term
example of wedge
Definition
zipper
Term
example of screw
Definition
bolts, faucets, jar lids
Term
define lever
Definition
rigid bar that is free to pivot about a fulcrum
Term
define fulcrum
Definition
the fixed point that a lever pivots around
Term
first class lever
Definition
folcrum is between output & input
Term
third class lever
Definition
multiply distance
Term
give an example of a first class lever
Definition
scissers, pliers, seesaws
Term
second class lever
Definition
multiplies force
Term
give examples of second class levers
Definition
doors, nutcrackers, bottle openers
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