Term
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Definition
A lasting change in behavior
or mental processes that results from
experience. |
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Term
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Definition
A form of behavioral
learning in which the probability of a response
is changed by its consequences—
that is, by the stimuli that follow the
response. |
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Term
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Definition
A form of behavioral
learning in which a previously neutral stimulus
acquires the power to elicit the same
innate reflex produced by another stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
Simple unlearned response triggered
by stimuli—such as the knee-jerk reflex
set off by tapping the tendon just below
your kneecap. |
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Term
| Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
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Definition
In classical
conditioning, UCS is the stimulus that
elicits an unconditioned response. |
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Term
| Unconditioned response (UCR) |
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Definition
In classical
conditioning, the response elicited by an
unconditioned stimulus without prior
learning. |
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Term
| Conditioned stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
In classical conditioning,
a previously neutral stimulus that
comes to elicit the conditioned response.
Customarily, in a conditioning experiment,
the neutral stimulus is called a conditioned
stimulus when it is first paired
with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS). |
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Term
| Conditioned response (CR) |
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Definition
In classical conditioning,
a response elicited by a previously
neutral stimulus that has become associated
with the unconditioned stimulus. |
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Term
| Extinction (in operant conditioning) |
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Definition
A process
by which a response that has been
learned is weakened by the absence or
removal of reinforcement. |
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Term
| Extinction (in classical conditioning) |
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Definition
The
weakening of a conditioned response
in the absence of an unconditioned
stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
The reappearance
of an extinguished conditioned response
after a time delay. |
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Term
|
Definition
The removal of an
unpleasant or aversive stimulus, contingent
on a particular behavior. Contrast
with punishment. |
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Term
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Definition
A stimulus presented
after a response and increasing the probability
of that response happening again. |
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Term
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Definition
The application of an
aversive stimulus after a response. |
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Term
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Definition
The removal of an
attractive stimulus after a response. |
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Term
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Definition
A reinforcer, such as food
or sex, that has an innate basis because
of its biological value to an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
Another of the main
psychological viewpoints distinguished
by an emphasis on mental processes,
such as learning, memory, perception,
and thinking, as forms of information
processing. |
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Term
|
Definition
A form of cognitive
learning in which new responses are
acquired after watching others’ behavior
and the consequences of their behavior. |
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Term
|
Definition
A clear and vivid longterm
memory of an especially meaningful
and emotional event. |
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Term
|
Definition
The inability to recall a
word, while knowing that it is in memory.
People often describe this frustrating
experience as having the word “on the
tip of the tongue.” |
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Term
|
Definition
A cause of forgetting
by which previously stored information
prevents learning and remembering new
information. |
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Term
|
Definition
A cause of forgetting
by which newly learned information
prevents retrieval of previously stored
material. |
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Term
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Definition
An unconscious process that
excludes unacceptable thoughts and feelings
from awareness and memory. |
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Term
|
Definition
Technique for improving
memory, especially by making connections
between new material and information
already stored in long-term memory. |
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