Term
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Definition
| Tangible objects, activities, or privileges that serve as reinforcers and that can be purchased with tokens. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mutually agreed upon document between parties that specifies a contingent relationship between the completion of specified behavior(s) and access to specified reinforcer(s). |
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Term
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Definition
| The same as a behavioral contract. A mutually agreed upon document between parties that specifies a contingent relationship between the completion of specified behavior(s) and access to specified reinforcer(s). |
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Term
| Dependent group contingency |
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Definition
| Contingency in which reinforcement for all members of a group is dependent on the behavior of one member of the group or the behavior of a select group of members within the larger group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contingency in which reinforcement for all members of a group is dependent on the behavior of (a) a person within the group, (b) a select group of members within the larger group, or (c) each member of the group meeting a performance criterion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Another name for a dependent group contingency (i.e. a person earns a reward for the group). |
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Term
| Independent group contingency |
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Definition
| A contingency in which reinforcement for each member of a group is dependent o that person's meeting a performance criterion that is in effect for all members of the group. |
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Term
| Interdependent group contingency |
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Definition
| A contingency in which reinforcement for all members of a group is dependent on each member of the group meeting a performance criterion that is in effect for all members of the group |
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Term
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Definition
| A component of some token economy systems in which participants advance up (or down) through a succession of levels contingent on their behavior at the current level. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contingency contract that a person makes with himself, incorporating a self-selected task and reward as well as personal monitoring of task completion and self-delivery of the reward. |
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Term
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Definition
| An object that is awarded contingent on appropriate behavior and that serves as the medium of exchange for backup reinforcers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system whereby participants earn generalized conditioned reinforcers (e.g. tokens, chips) as an immediate consequence for specific behaviors; participants accumulate tokens and exchange them for items and activities from a menu of backup reinforcers. |
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Term
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Definition
| An interrelated community of contingencies of reinforcement that can be especially powerful, producing substantial and long-lasting behavior changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any contingency of reinforcement(or punishment) designed and implemented by a behavior analyst or practitioner to achieve the acquisition, maintenance, and/or generalization of a targeted behavior change. |
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Term
| Contrived mediating stimulus |
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Definition
| Any stimulus made functional for the target behavior in the instructional setting that later prompts or aids the learner in performing the target behavior in a generalized setting. |
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Term
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Definition
| A systematic process for identifying and selecting teaching examples that represent the full range of stimulus variations and response requirements in the generalized setting(s). |
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Term
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Definition
| A generic term for a variety of behavioral process and behavior change outcomes. |
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Term
| Generalization across subjects |
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Definition
| Changes in the behavior of people not directly treated by an intervention as a function of treatment contingencies applied to other people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any measurement of a learner's performance of a target behavior in a setting and/or stimulus situation in which direct training has not been provided. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any place or stimulus situation that differs in some meaningful way from the instructional setting and in which performance of the target behavior is desired. |
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Term
| Indiscriminable contingency |
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Definition
| A contingency that makes it difficult for the learner to discriminate whether the next response will produce reinforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| The environment where instruction occurs; includes all aspects of the environment, that may influence the learner's acquisition and generalization of the target behavior. |
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Term
| Lag reinforcement schedule |
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Definition
| A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on a response being different in some specified way from previous response or a specified number of previous responses. |
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Term
| Multiple exemplar training |
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Definition
| Instruction that provides the learner with practice with a variety of stimulus conditions,response variations, and response topographies to ensure the acquisition of desired stimulus controls response forms; used to promote both setting/situation generalization and response generalization. |
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Term
| Naturally existing contingency |
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Definition
| Any contingency of reinforcement (or punishment) that operates independent of the behavior analyst's or practitioners efforts. |
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Term
| Programming common stimuli |
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Definition
| A tactic for promoting setting/situation generalization by making the instructional setting similar to the generalization setting; a two step process that involves (1) identifying salient stimuli that characterize the generalized setting and (2)incorporating those stimuli into the instructional setting. |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which a learner continues to perform the target behavior after a portion or all of the intervention responsible for the behavior's initial appearance in the learner's repertoire has been terminated. |
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Term
| Setting/situation generalization |
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Definition
| The extent to which a learner emits the target behavior in a setting or stimulus situation that is different form the instructional setting. |
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Term
| Teaching sufficient examples |
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Definition
| A strategy for promoting generalized behavior change that consists of teaching the learner to respond to a subset of all of the relevant stimulus and response examples and then assessing the learner's performance on untrained examples. |
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Term
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Definition
| Randomly varying functionally irrelevant stimuli within and across teaching sessions. |
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