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| the pattern of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the atoms of an element, considered to be an element's "fingerprint" |
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| a representation of a system that helps us predict how the system behaves |
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| a representation of an object on a different scale |
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| an integer that specifies the quantized energy level of an atomic orbital |
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| a small discrete packet of light energy |
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| the idea that light energy is contained in discrete packets called quanta |
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| a region of space in which an electrion may be located around the nucleus |
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| a device that uses a prism or diffraction grating to separate light into its color components |
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| the electrons of the outermost shell of an atom |
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| a helium atom nucleus which consists of two neutrons and two protons and is ejected by certain radioactive elements |
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| an electron ejected from an atomic nucleus during the radioactive decay of certain nuclei |
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| the process of estimating the age of once-living material by measuring the amount of a radioactive isotope of carbon present in the material |
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| high-energy radiation emitted by the nuclei of radioactive atoms |
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| the time required for half the atoms in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay |
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| the tendency of some elements such as uranium to emit radiation as a result of changes in the atomic nucleus |
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| the force of interaction between all nucleons effective only at very, very, very, very close distances |
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| the conversion of an atomic nucleus of one element to an atomic nucleus of another element through a loss or gain of protons |
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