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Chapters 16 & 17
Definitions
18
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
03/30/2008

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Term
System Equilibruium
Definition
a state at which both forward and reverse reactions continue to occuor at equal rates resulting in no net change.
Term

Equilibrium constant, K

Equilibrium constant expression

Definition

K=[C]c[D]d/[A]a[B]b

 

aA+bB <=> cC+dD

Term
Bronsted Base
Definition
any substance that can accept a proton from any other substance
Term
monoprotic acids
Definition

are capable of donating 1 proton

Term

Polyprotic acids

Definition
are capable of donating 2 or more protons
Term

Polyprotic Bases

Definition
Base capable of accepting more than 1 proton
Term

Amphiprotic

Definition
Can both act as acids and bases by donating or recieving protons
Term
Conjugate acid-base pair
Definition

A pair of compounds that differ by the presence of H+

 

{HCO3-}+H2O<=>H3O++{CO32-}

{Conjugate Pairs}

Term

Autoionization

Definition

Low concentrations of H3O+ and HO- in pure water

 

{Friedrich Kohlrausch 1840-1910}

Term
Kw, ionization constant for water
Definition

[H3O+][OH-]=Kw

 

In pure water the Ions are equal and the water is said to be nuetral

Term

pH

Definition

pH=-log[H3O+]

Term
Lewis Acid
Definition
a substance that can accept a pair of electrons from another atom to form a new bond
Term
Lewis base
Definition
a substance that can donate a pair of electrons to another atom to form a new bond
Term
Acid-Base adduct
Definition
the product of the bonding of Lewis acids and bases
Term

Complex ions

Coordination Complexes

Definition
Complex formations of hydrated metals
Term
Amphoteric
Definition

Acid-Base behaving metal hydroxide

Term
Oxoacids
Definition

Acid containing another atom that is bonded to one or more oxygen atoms

Term
Inductive effect
Definition
the attraction of adjacent atoms or groups of atoms from another part of the atom
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