Term
|
Definition
1. remains of hard parts
2. refrigeration
3. imprints
4. molds
5. casts
6. insects preserved in sap or amber
7. petrification
8. coal
9. animals in tar pits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formed from the cooling and oslidifcation of lava deep in the Earth's crust
ex: granite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed from sediment produced by breaking up preexisting rock; under high pressure it become soild rock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when ignrous or sedimentary rock is subject to high pressure and temperature, the rock undergoes changes to metamorphic rock; this process desotrys any fossils before; ex: marble |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| determining the order of species were alive; use index fossils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fossil of an organism that was alive for a short period of time; can be used to date any layer of rock in which it is found |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more accurately determine the age of fossil by radioactive isotopes of elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the rate of decay; always CONSTANT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a scientist who studies fossils and life in the past |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remains of the organisms or some trace of its presence must be preserved; must be precise conditions; must form in sedimentary rock |
|
|
Term
| Why are fossils an incomplete record of life's history? |
|
Definition
| not everything can become fossils (soft bodied organisms); some fossils get lost; the wrong conditions don't allow the dead organism to become a fossil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stanley Miller & Harold Urey |
|
Definition
| copied what earth's early conditions were; after a few days amino acids began to develop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large organic molecules can form tiny bubbles; first known life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposes that smaller prokaryotes began living inside larger cells and evolved into a symbiotic relationship; began to reproduce sexually; enable evolution to take place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large scale evolutionary changes |
|
|
Term
| 6 Important Patterns of Macroevolution |
|
Definition
1. Mass Extinctions
2. Adaptive radiation
3. Convergent evolution
4. Coevolution
5. Punctuated Equilibrium
6. Changes in development genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Volcanoes. continents shifting; sea levels changing; asteroids? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a single speices evolved into several groups of small speices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unrelated organisms that look similar; analogous structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| things that look and function similarly but do not share a common evolutionary history |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which 2 speices evolve in repsonse to changes un each other over time; ex: flowers and pollinators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Are the "master control genes" that control the growth of embryo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the organisms have cells that have similar functions and structures (mitochondria, chloroplasts) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the chemical reactions in living things; relationships between DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms with similar structures (most likely have same ancestors) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the placement of bones and internal organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are structures with the same function but different evolutionary origins; ex: bat wing v. bird wing v. insect wing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basically the same structures and the same evolutionary origin with the same evolutionary origin with the same pattern of early growth; but DO NOt share the same function; ex:human ovaries and testicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strucutre that dont seem to have any use today; ex: appendix, wisdom teeth, baby toe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| early embryos of vertebrates showing similarities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similarities in lood proteins, immune systems, and ______ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proposed a theory of evolution based on 2 assumptions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Use and Disuse- l1st to hypothizes orgnaisms change (evolution)
2. Inheritance of acquired characteristics- if living things used an organ" it would become more highly developed; characteristics acquired during lifetime are passed down |
|
|
Term
| August Weismann's Experiment |
|
Definition
| cut off mice tails and then mated them for 20 generations; the last generation didn't change---> disproving Lamark |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evolutionary changes fit a species to its environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visited the galagapos islands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He was about to come out with a book about evolution, and so Darwin raced to finish his book before him! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tested Darwin's theory of natural selection by visiting the galapagos islands; found out that it occurs frequently and fast |
|
|
Term
| Speciation in the Galapagos |
|
Definition
1. Founders Arrive
2. Seperation of Populations
3. Changes in the gene pool
4. Reproductive Isolation
5. Ecological Competition
6. Conintued Evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of individuals of the same species in a give area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times of other allels have occurred |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may cause a difference in the orgnaism's phenotype which can make the orgnaism less fit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chromosmes move independently during meiosis; sexual reproduction causes cross over to occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when individuals at one end of a curve have hgiher fitness that indiduals in the middle or end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the center of the curve s higher tha the other indivduals at either end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when individuals at the upper and lower ends have an increase fitness than those near the middle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a random change in allele frequency; may occur when a small group of individuals colonizes a new habitat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having allele frequencies that are different from the original populations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the formation of a new species |
|
|
Term
| How can reproduction isolation occur? |
|
Definition
1. Behavioral
2. Geographical
3. Temporal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 species are capable of breeding together but have different rituals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separated by a barrier such as a river or mountain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reproduce at different times |
|
|
Term
| Hardy- Weinberg Principle |
|
Definition
| allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the situation in which allele frequencies remain constant |
|
|
Term
| 5 Conditions to Maintain Genetic Equilibrium |
|
Definition
1. random mating
2. big population
3. no movement: in or out
4. No mutations
5. no natural selection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Insects Resistant to insecticide
Peppered Moths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Modern Evolutionary Theory=theory of evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a diagram that indicates the probable pathway of evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| species gradually evolve from existing species; slow and steady |
|
|
Term
| 5 Theories of Natural Selection |
|
Definition
1. Overproduction
2. Struggle for Existence
3. Variation
4. Natural Selection
5. Origin of New Species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in a specific environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mutation and sexual reproduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all species come from common ancestors |
|
|
Term
| Earth's Early Atmosphere Gases |
|
Definition
| cyandie, hydrogen sulfide, water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen |
|
|
