Term
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Definition
| :Citizens eligible to vote. |
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Term
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| :A command, indicated by an electorate's votes, for the elected officials to carry out their platforms. |
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| : A voter's evaluation of the performance of the party in power. |
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| :A voter's evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected. |
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Definition
| :Election in which voters decided which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election. |
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| :A primary election in which only a party's registered voters are eligible to vote. |
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| :A primary in which party members, independents, and sometimes members of the other party are allowed to vote. |
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| :Participation in the primary of a party which the voter is not affiliated. |
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| :An organized attempt by voters of one party to influence the primary results of the other party. |
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| :A second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary. |
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| :A primary used to select candidates regardless of party affiliation. |
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| :Election in which voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices. |
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| :An election that allows citizens to propose legislation and submit it to the state electorate for popular vote. |
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| :An election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation to the state's voters for approval. |
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Term
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| :A proposed system in which the country would be divided into five or six geographic areas and all states in each region would hold their presidential primary elections on the same day. |
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Term
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Definition
| :The tendency of states to choose an early date on the primary calendar. |
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Term
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| :A traditional party practice under which the majority of a state delegation can force the minority to vote for its candidate. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Delegate slot to the Democratic's Party national convention that is reserved for an elected party official. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president. |
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Term
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| :Member of the Electoral College chosen by methods determined in each state. |
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Term
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Definition
| :A shifting of party coalition groupings in the electorate that remains in place for several elections. |
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Term
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| :An election that signals a party realignment through voter polarization around new issues. |
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Term
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Definition
| :The gradual rearrangement of party coalitions, based more on demographic shifts than on shocks to the political system. |
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Term
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Definition
| :The legislative process through which the majority party in each statehood tries to assure that the maximum number of representatives from its political party can be elected to Congress through the redrawing of legislative districts. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Election that takes place in the middle of a presidential term. |
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Term
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Definition
| :The proportion of the voting-age public that votes. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election. |
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Term
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Definition
| :The part of a political campaign aimed at winning a primary election. |
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Term
| General Election Campaign |
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Definition
| :That part of a political campaign aimed at winning a general election. |
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Term
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Definition
| :That part of a political campaign concerned with presenting the candidate's public image. |
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Term
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Definition
| :That part of a political campaign involved in fund-raising, literature distribution, and all other activities not directly involving the candidate. |
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Term
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Definition
| :That part of a political campaign in which the candidate reaches out to the voters, in person or via the media, to create a positive impression and gain votes. |
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Term
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Definition
| :The process by which a campaign reaches individual voters, either by door-to-door solicitation or by telephone. |
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Term
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Definition
| :A push at the end of a political campaign to encourage supporters to go to the polls. |
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Term
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Definition
| :The individual who travels with the candidate and coordinate and coordinates the many different aspects of the campaign. |
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Term
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Definition
| :The private-sector professionals and firms who sell to a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected. |
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Definition
| :A professional who coordinates the fund-raising efforts for the campaign. |
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Term
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Definition
| :A professional who takes public opinion surveys that guide political campaigns. |
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Term
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Definition
| :A professional who supervises a political campaign's direct-mail fund-raising strategies. |
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Definition
| :The person who develops the overall media strategy for the candidate, blending the free press coverage with the paid TV, radio, and mail media. |
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Term
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Definition
| :The individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis. |
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Definition
| :A professional who produces candidates' television, radio, and print advertisements. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Political advertisements purchased for a candidate's campaign. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Coverage of a candidate's campaign by the news media. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidate's qualifications, family, and issue positions, without reference to the opponent. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent's platform or character. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the sponsor. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Television advertising on behalf of a candidate that is broadcast in sixty-, thirty-, or ten-second duration. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Advertising that attempts to counteract an anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Forum in which political candidates face each other to discuss their platforms, records, and character. |
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Term
| Political Action Committee (PAC) |
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Definition
| : Federally mandated, officially registered fund-raising committee that represents interest groups in the political process. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Donations from the general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Donations to presidential campaigns from the federal government that are determined by the amount of private funds a qualifying candidate raises. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Legally specified and limited contributions that are clearly regulated by the Federal Election Campaign Act and by the Federal Election Commission. |
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Term
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Definition
| :The virtually unregulated money funneled by individuals and political committees through state and local parties. |
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Term
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| :The myriad relationships that individuals enjoy that facilitate the resolution of community problems through collective action. |
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Term
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Definition
| :The tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Organized groups that try to influence public policy. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Political scientist David B. Truman's theory that interest groups form in part to counteract the efforts of other groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Organizations that seek a collective good that will not selectively and materially benefit group members. |
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Term
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Definition
| :A group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization through political persuasion. |
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Definition
| :A group that represents a specific industry. |
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Term
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Definition
| :The activities of a group or organization that seeks to influence legislation and persuade political leaders to support the group's position. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Persons who finance groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Potential members fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort. |
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