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| when stars appear redder than they really are |
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| glowing clouds of hot intersstellar gas--M8, M16, M17, M20 |
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| clouds that are cooler than their surroundings, with temperatures as low as a few ten sof kelvins, and thousands or even millions of times denser |
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| produced whenever the electron in a hydrogen atom reverses its spin, changing its energy very slightly in the process |
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| interstellar cloud evolution |
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| eveolutin of a star from a cloud to the main sequence |
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| interstellar cloud, contracting cloud fragment, protostar, protostellar evolution, newborn star (main sequence) |
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| a group of stars, all formed from the same parent cloud and lying in the same region of space: |
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| roughly spherical and may contain millioins of stars |
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| on the main sequence, a star slowly fuses hydrogen into helium in its core. This process is usually called:_____. |
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| what is an example of a g type star? |
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| The core of a solar mass star never becomes hot enough to fuse carbon. Such a star continues to brighten and expand until its envelope is ejected into space, forming a ____. |
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| The white dwarf continues to cool and dim with time, eventually becoming a _____, cold, dense, burned out ember in space. |
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| when a white dwarf becomes explosively active, it forms a highly luminous ____. |
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| stars that have been observed to "go nova" several times over the course of a few decades |
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| when a star explodes in one of the most energetic events known in the universe; |
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| contain very little hydrogen and have light curves somewhat similar in shape to those of typical novae |
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| hydrogen rich and usually have a characteristic "plateau" in the light curve a few months after the maximum |
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| the track of one solar mass star on the H-R diagram |
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| protostar, hstar, main sequence star, subgiant branch, helium flash, horizontal branch, aymptotic giant branch, carbon core/planetary nebula, white dwarf, black dwarf |
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| after the violence of teh supernova has subsided, this ultracompressed ball of neutrons is all that is left which is called: |
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| an astronomical object emitting radio radiation in the form of rapid pulse |
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| neutron stars, because they are magnetized and rotating, send regular bursts of electromagnetic energy into space |
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| emit much of thier energy in violent eruptions, each thousands of times more luminous than our sun but lasting only seconds |
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| a class of rapidly rotating objects that spin hundred of times per second |
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| bright, irregular flashes of gamma rays typically lasting only a few seconds |
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| very energetic flashes of gamma rays that occur about once a day and are distributed uniformly over the entire sky |
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| the bizarre endpoint of stellar evolution, in which the core of a very high mass star collapses in on itself and vanishes forever |
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| the critical radius at which the escape speed of an object would equal the speed of light and within which the object could no longer be seen |
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| the surface of an imaginary sphere having a radius equal to the schwarzchild radius and centered on a collapsing star |
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| the core remnant of a high mass star will collapse all the way to a point at which both its density and its gravitational field become infinite |
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| the one black hole candidate is an x ray source called _____. |
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| _____has a mass of about ten times the sun. |
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