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Chapters 10,11,17
N/A
44
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
11/01/2012

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Term
Classical Conditioning
Definition
Learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus elicits a response that was originally caused by another stimulus.
Term
unconditioned stimulus
Definition
a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without learning
Term
unconditioned response
Definition
a reflexive, unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus
Term
conditioned stimulus
Definition
once neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response because it has a history of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Term
conditioned response
Definition
learned response that occurs to the conditioned stimulus
Term
acquisition
Definition
the initial phase of learning in which a response is established
Term
extinction
Definition
the loss of weeakening of a conditioned response when a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus no longer occur together
Term
spontaneous recovery
Definition
the reoccurrence of a previously extinguished conditioned response, typically after some time has passed since extinction
Term
stimulus generalization
Definition
a process in which a response that originally occurs to a specific stimulus also occurs to different, through similar stimuli
Term
stimulus discrimination
Definition
occurs when an organism learns to respond to one original stimulus but not to new stimuli that may be similar to the original stimulus
Term
conditioned emotional response
Definition
consist of emotional and physiological responses that develop to a specific object or situation
Term
Conditioned taste aversion
Definition
the acquired dislike or disgust of a food or drink because it was paired with illness
Term
Operant conditioning
Definition
consequence depends on an action
Term
reinforcement
Definition
a process in which a event or reward that follows a response increases the likelihood of that response occurring again.
Term
punishment
Definition
a process that decreases the future probability of a response
Term
primary reinforcer
Definition
consist of reinforcing stimuli that satisfy basic motivational needs
Term
secondary reinforcer
Definition
consist of reinforcing stimuli that acquire their value through learning
Term
Premack principle
Definition
Doesn’t matter primary or secondary, arrange a situation to where to do something you like to do but before you have to do something unpleasant.
Term
positive vs negative reinforcement
Definition
the strengthening of a behavior after adding reinforcers vs removing or diminishing a stimulus.
Term
positive vs negative punishment
Definition
behavior decreases because of adding stimulus vs. behavior decreasing by removing stimulus
Term
avoidance learning
Definition
a specific type f negative reinforcement that removes the possibility that stimulus will occur
Term
escape learning
Definition
occurs if a response removes a stimulus that is already present
Term
discriminative stimulus
Definition
a cue or event that indicates that a response, if made, will be reinforced
Term
shaping
Definition
specific operand response is created by reinforcing successive approximations of that response
Term
schedules of reinforcement
ratio vs. interval
Definition
Term
schedules of reinforcement
fixed vs. variable
Definition
Term
Observational Learning: attention, memory, motivation
Definition
involves changes in behavior and knowledge that result from watching others
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the body's physiological processes that allow it to maintain consistent internal states in response to the outer environment.
Term
Incentives vs. Rewards
Definition
the stimuli we seek to reduce the drives such as social approval
Term
Maslow's Hierarchichy of Needs
Definition
Term
Achievement Motivation
Definition
the drive to perform at high levels and to accomplish significant goals
Term
approach vs. avoidance goals
Definition
Term
James-Lang theory
Definition
physiological reactions to stimuli precede a given emotion
Term
Cannon-Bard theory
Definition
emotions such as fear or happiness occur simultaneously with their physiological compontents
Term
schachter's two-factor theory
Definition
holds that patterns of physical arousal and the cognitive labels we attach to them form the basis of our emotional experiences
Term
self-motivation
Definition
Term
choice, competence, community
Definition
Term
SMARTS Goal Setting
Definition
specific motivational achievable relevant trackable shared
Term
Behavior-Based Feedback
Definition
Term
If-Then incentives/rewards
Definition
Term
Now-that rewards
Definition
Term
supportive vs. corrective feedback
Definition
Term
interpersonal trust
Definition
Communication, Caring, Candor,
Consistency, Commitment, Consensus, Character
Term
Cultivating an AC4P Culture
Definition
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