Term
| Cognitive/Information Processing |
|
Definition
| A theory that attempts to explain unobservable mental Processes including reading and writing. (Sensory Register - stm - ltm |
|
|
Term
| Zone of Proximal Distal Development |
|
Definition
| The distance betweeen a child's actual developmental level and his or her potential development level that can be reached with scaffolding by the teachers or classmates. Lev Vygotsky believed that more challenging tasks done with the teacher's scaffolding are more conducive to learning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sound system of English with approximately 44 sounds (phonems) and more than 500 ways to spell them. Phonems are present in slashes (/b/) and one of their many uses is to help people pronounce words correctly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The structureal system of english that governs how words are combined into sentences. Some of this systems uses are to form compound words, add prefixes and suffixes to root words, combining sentences, and writing complex or simple sentences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The meaning system of English that focuses on vocabulary. When learning English this system is incorporated by helping students recognize and understand synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The system of English that varies language according to social and cultural uses. This system us used to show students how to vary their language for specific purposes. (at home, with friends, at school, in a speech) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the support a teacher provides to students as they read or write. When teachers help students read a book or revise a piece of writing they are scaffolding. Teachers gradually withdraw their support when students can complete tasks independently. |
|
|
Term
| Shared reading and writing |
|
Definition
| Shared reading is when teachers and students read big books together with the students following along while the teacher reads. Children may be asked to read when familiar words or phrases are found. Shared writing is when teachers and students create a text together; the students dictate what to write and the TEACHER WRITES IT while asked students to spell familiar words if they arise. Ex. Language Experience Approach, Collaberative Books |
|
|
Term
| Interactive Reading and Writing |
|
Definition
| Interactive reading is when classes use instructional level books and the teachers and students take turns reading. While reading the teacher emphasizes reading fluently and with expression. A few examples of this are choral reading and readers theater. Interactive writing is when the students and teachers still create the txt together but now both do the writing. Throughout the writing the teacher helps the students to spell words correctly and use writing conventions |
|
|
Term
| Guided Reading and Writing |
|
Definition
| Small homogeneous groups meet with the teacher to read a book that is at their comprehension level. The teacher introduces the book, guides the beginning of the reading, then the students finish on their own. This is followed by a discussion and skills practice by the teacher. Then students read book independently. Guided writing = plan the writing activity then supervise the students as they write. Ex. Collaberative book |
|
|
Term
| Independent Reading and Writing |
|
Definition
| when students pick and read their own books by themselves. The teacher then holds a conference tomonitor the progress. Ex. Reading workshops/centers. Independent writing is when students write their own stories, books, and compositions while the teacher monitors progress. Ex. Writing workshops/centers. Designed to show students how pleasurable reading/writing can be/ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A collection of student textbooks, workbooks, teacher's manuals and other materials and resources for reading insruction used in K-6. Main prob = overuse of workbook. Good for new teacheres who arent sure how to teach something. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Whole class reads and responds to a piece of literature. Created around high quality picture books, novels, or informational books. Teachers imply scaffolding into these units to help students read if it is beyong their level. |
|
|
