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| what does the word biology literally mean?? |
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| where life is found or can be found: all envionments on earth |
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| what are the major properties of life |
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| carbon hydrogen, oxygen nitrogen |
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| This is an entirer array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem. |
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| communitys make up ecosystems |
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| this consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specific area. |
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| populaions are induviduals species living within a specific area. |
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| an induvidual living thing - has the ability to function independently |
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| basic unit of structure and function . the smallest unit of structural organization that can perform the activities required for life. |
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| This is composed of many cells working together for a partucular function |
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| tissue-many cells working together |
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| this is two or more tissue types working together to perform a particular function |
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| organ- tissues working together |
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| the smallest unit of a substance that maintains the physical\chemical property of that substance; 2 or more atoms covalenty bonded |
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| a small part of the granam |
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| the stacks that remain inside of the chloroplasts |
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| These covert light energy to chemical energy |
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| these feed upon producers(autotrophs) |
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| The capacity to do work or cause change |
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| This flows through an ecosystem. |
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| what are the units of inheritance that transmit information form parent to offspring |
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| the 2 chains on the outside of the DNA strand-connected by necleotides-each section called a gene |
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| what is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell |
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eukaryotic-organelles and DNA is in a neucles has a neulear envelope- more complex ex:amimalia
Prokaryotic-simpler-no organelles and DNA is not in a neucleus free floating |
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| this is the concept that a combintion of components can form a more complex organization. |
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| system-combinaions of components |
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| These are due to the arrangements and interactions of parts as complexity increases |
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| Name an example of emergent properties |
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| chemical compounds, birds and wings |
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| Break apart to the smallest parts in order to understand the components that make up the whole molecule |
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| They discovered the DNA sample model |
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| what is the goal of systems of biology? |
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| construct models of dynamic behavior and how the effects on one system effects the other systems. Discover new emergent properties. |
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| what is the diff between positive and negative feedback systems?? |
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positive-speeds up the reaction
Negative-slows down the reaction |
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| what is the order of taxonmic scheme |
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| domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species |
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| define darwins theory of natural selection |
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| Those organisms that best adapat to changes in their environment will continue to develope and grow, those who do not will die off. |
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| where did Darwin travel that lead to his discoveries |
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| what does form fit function mean? |
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| there are now random designs; a funciton of something is determined by the limitaions by structure. |
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| this is a search for informaion and explantaion |
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| these are recordable observations |
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| what is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning |
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Deductive-from more general to specific
Inductive-from specific to general |
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| An educated guess based on data |
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| ionic bonds are weak or strong? |
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| whats the difference between cation and anion |
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cation- is a + charge
anion- is a - charge |
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| what is the function of mimicry |
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Definition
| a way of defence and survival. like camoflauge |
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| what is a controlled experiment |
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| variables are controlled. one variable is controlled as the others tested later compared to see the results. |
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| an answer of a tested hypothesis. |
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| this is a substance that cannot be borken down into other substances. |
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| this is a substance that consisting of two or more different elements |
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| compound in a fixed ratio |
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| these are required by an organism in only minute quantities |
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| this is the smallest unit of matter that still remains propertys of an element |
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| a subatiomic partical that has a positive charge in the nucleus |
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| deiscovered atomic theory-everything is composed of atoms |
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| what is the number of protons in an atom |
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| what is the number of protons and neutorns of an atom |
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| what is the number of protons and neutorns of an atom |
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| atoms of like substance with a diffent number of neutrons |
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| what is the total mass of an atom |
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| what is a radioactive isotope |
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| when the nucleus is unstable ,it decays and emits radiation |
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| these are the shells or clouds of the atom where electrons remain |
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| The chemical propertys of an atom are found where |
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| The valence shell- the number of electrons in the orbitals |
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| what is the periodic table of elements |
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| its a table that has all the elements on it organized |
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| what is the valence shell |
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| the outermost shell or orbital or cloud |
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| what is a chemical bond??? |
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| When two or more elements; take share or give electrons |
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| This is sharing of a pair of valence electrons |
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Definition
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| 2 or more atoms covalently bonded |
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| what is a molecular formula |
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| The number of atoms each element contains in a compound |
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| The measure of tendency that one electron has to attract another |
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| what is the difference of polar and non polar |
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polar- is non symetrical has a slight negetive charge.
non polar- is symetrical |
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| what are three kinds of covalent bonds |
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| The give and take electron to complete the octet rule. |
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| How does the reaction between Na and Cl atoms make an ionic bond? |
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| what is another name for an ionic compound |
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| charged atoms or molecules |
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| what is the differance between a cation and an anion |
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cation is positve; give an electron
anion is negative; take an electron |
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| This form when a hydrogen atom covalently bonds to an electronegative atom. |
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| what are vander wall interactions |
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| geckos little hair like folecules |
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| what does molecular shape have to do with biology |
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| structure equals function |
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| the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in composition |
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the beginning substance-substances in a chemical reaction, left side
A+B --> AB |
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the result of the chemical reaction the right side
A+B--->AB |
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| when does a reaction reach chemical equilibrium |
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Definition
| when the chemical reaction is occurring at the same rate on both sides. the forward backwards occure at the same rate |
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| what are the three forms water can take |
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Definition
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| Is water polar or non polar |
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Definition
| it is polar because it is non symetrical |
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| the anomalous properties of water are due to what property |
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| like substance clings to like substance |
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| sticks to what its in or around it |
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| this is the measure of of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of liquid |
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| what is the high heat of capasity |
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| the unit of temperature required to raise the temp one unit |
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| what is the diff between potential and kenetic energy |
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potential- is stored energy
kenetic- is energy in motion |
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| amount of heat needed to raise 1 gram of h2o up 1 degree celsius |
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| This is the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of substance to change temperature by one degree |
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| what is heat of vaporization |
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| the quantity of heat that must be absorbed by to cause 1 gram of h2o to change to vapor\gas |
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| what is evaporated cooling |
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| cooling of air or surface by evaporation\ EX: sweat |
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| it is less dense than water |
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| what are the two main parts of a solution |
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| what is the diff between a solution and a aqueous solution |
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solution is a homogenous mixture of 2
Aqueous solution contains water |
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| a sphere of water that surrounds each molecule dissolved |
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| are ionic compounds the only ones to dissolve in water |
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| what is the ice ctystalline structure?? |
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| give an example of colloid |
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| what is the diff between hydrophobic and hydorphilic |
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hydrophobic- water hating
hydrophilic- water loving |
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| correct concentration of solutions |
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| the positively charged ion of hydrogen H+, formed by removal of the electron form atomic hydrogen and found in all aqueous solutions of acid |
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| the negatively charged ion OH of any base in a water solution |
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| what is a reversible reaction |
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Definition
| chemical reaciton that proceeds in both direction at the same time, as the product decomposes back into reactants as it is being produced |
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| this is a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
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| this reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
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| name a few chemical bases |
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| magnesium hydroxide potassium hydroxide calcium hydroxide ammonium |
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| measures the acidity of a substance based on the POWER OF HYDROGEN |
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| This defines as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration |
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| what does pH do as H+ concentration increase? |
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| acidity increases-pH lowers and u die |
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| a substance that ninimizes the changes of the H+ or OH- in solution |
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| helps keep things stay nutral and not go too acidic or basic |
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| this refers to rain snow or fog with a pH lower than pH 5.6. |
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| why is water a good solvent |
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| the bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are which kind? |
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