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Definition
| - a relative permanent change in an organism's behaviour due to experience. |
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Definition
| - learning that certain events occur together. The events maybe two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning). |
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| - a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. |
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Definition
| - the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behaviour without reference to mental processes. Must research psychologists today agree with 1 AND 2. |
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Definition
| - in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salvation when food is in the mouth. |
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Term
| Unconditioned Stimulus (US) |
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Definition
| - in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally - naturally and automatically- triggers a response. |
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Term
| Conditioned Response (CR) |
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Definition
| - in classical conditioning the learned response to a preciously natural but (but how conditioned stimulus) |
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Term
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Definition
| - in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response. |
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Term
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Definition
- question of timing
- between the stimulus-response relationship
-when does the initial learning happen |
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Term
| High-order conditioning (second order) |
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Definition
| - a procedure in which the ------ ----- - conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| - the diminishing of condition response; occurs in classical conditioning when an (US) does not follow (CS) occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced. |
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Definition
| - the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguish conditioned response. |
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Term
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Definition
| -in classical conditioning the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| - the tendency, once a response has been conditioned for the stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar response. |
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Term
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Definition
| -behaviour that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| - a type of learning in which behaviour is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by a punisher. |
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Definition
| - behaviour that operates on the environment, producing concequences |
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Definition
| - Thorndikes's principle that behaviours followed by favourable consequences become more likely, and that behaviours followed by unfavourable consequences become less likely. |
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Definition
| - in operant conditioning research, a chamber (skinner box) contained a bar or key than an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| - an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behaviours toward a closer and closer aprox. to the disired behaviour. |
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Term
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Definition
| - in operant conditioning any event that strengthens the behaviour it follows. |
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Term
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Definition
| - increasing behaviour by presenting positive stimulus, such as food. |
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Term
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Definition
| - increasing by stopping or reducing neg. stimuli such as shock. |
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Term
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Definition
| - an innately reinforcing stimulus such as one that satisfies a biological need. |
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Term
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Definition
| - a stimulus that gains it's reinforcing power through it's association with primary reinforcer. |
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Term
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Definition
| - reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs. |
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Term
| Partial (intermittent) Reinforcement |
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Definition
| - reinforcing a response only part of the three; results in slower acquisition of response but much greater resistance to extinction then does continuous reinforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| -reinforced behaviour after a set number of responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| - provider reinforcers after an unpredictable of responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| - reinforced the first response after fixed time period. |
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Term
| Variable-interval schedule |
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Definition
| - reinforce the first response after varying time intervals . |
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Term
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Definition
| - an event that decreases the behaviour that it follows. |
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Term
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Definition
| -a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| - learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it. |
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Term
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Definition
| -a desire to perform a behaviour effectively for its own sake. |
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Term
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Definition
| - a desire to perform a behaviour to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment |
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Definition
| - learning by observed others |
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Term
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Definition
| - a process of observing and imitating a specific behaviour. |
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Term
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Definition
| -frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. |
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Definition
| - positive, constructive helpful behaviour. |
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