Shared Flashcard Set

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chapter17
study guide
30
Environmental Studies
9th Grade
02/07/2013

Additional Environmental Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what produces a variety of weather
Definition
combination of earth's motions and energy from the sun
Term
what is the climate based on
Definition
climate is based on observations of weather that have been collected over many years. climate helps describe a place of region
Term
what is air a mixture of
Definition
air is a mixture of different gases particles each with its own physical properties. the combination of air varies from time to time and from place to place
Term
what two gases make up 99 percent of dry air
Definition
Nitrogen and oxygen make up 99 percent of the volume of clean, dry air
Term
what gas plays a significant role in heating the atmosphere
Definition
carbon dioxide is an active absorber of energy given off by earth. therefore, it plays a significant role in heating the atmosphere
Term
what is the source of all clouds and precipitation
Definition
water vapor is the source of all clouds and precipitation. like carbon dioxide, water vapor absorbs heat given off earth
Term
what are some particles that remain suspended for long periods of time
Definition
sea salts from breaking waves, fine soil blown into air, smoke and soot from fires, pollen & microorganisms lifted by the winds,& ash & dust from volcanic eruptions
Term
when do oxygen atoms split into single atoms of oxygen
Definition
they split when they absorb ultraviolet radiation emitted from the sun
Term
what does ozone absorb
Definition
ozone absorb harmful uv radiation from the sun. our planet would uninhabitable for many living organism if ozone wasn't there
Term
what accounts for nearly half the primary pollutants by weight
Definition
emission from transportation vehicles
Term
what are the secondary pollutants
Definition
they are not emitted directly into the air. they form in the atmosphere when reactions take place among primary pollutants and other substances
Term
what are photo-chemical reactions
Definition
reactions triggered by strong sunlight
Term
what is atmospheric pressure
Definition
atmosphere pressure is simply the weight of the air above
Term
how many layers is the atmosphere divided into
Definition
4
Term
in what layer do most weather phenomena occur
Definition
troposhere
Term
where does most energy that drives weather and climate come from
Definition
sun
Term
what creates winds and dives the ocean's currents
Definition
it is the unequal heating of Earth that creates winds and drives the ocean current. these movements transport heat from the topics toward the poles in an attempt to balance energy differences. the results of these processes are the phenomena we call weather
Term
what is rotation
Definition
rotation spinning of earth about its axis. the axis is an imaginary line running through the north and south poles . our planet rotates once every 24
Term
what is revolution
Definition
Revolution is the movement of earth in its orbit around the sun. earth travels at nearly 113000 kilometers per hour in an elliptical orbit about the sun
Term
what are the degrees the earth is tilted
Definition
23.5 degrees
Term
what is the length of daylight determined by
Definition
it is determined by earth's position in orbit
Term
what are the three mechanisms for energy transfer
Definition
conduction, convection & radiation
Term
what can radiant energy travel through
Definition
Radiant energy can travel through the vacuum of space
Term
do hot or cold radiate more energy
Definition
hotter objects radiate more total energy per unit area than colder objects do
Term
what is reflection
Definition
reflection occurs when light bounces off an object. about 30% the solar energy reaching the outer atmosphere is reflected back to space
Term
does land or water heat higher temperature faster
Definition
land heats more rapidly and higher temperature than water. land also cools more rapidly and lower temperatures than water. temperature variation ; therefore, are considered greater over land than over water
Term
what is a coast in which winds blow from the ocean onto the shore
Definition
windward coast
Term
what is albedo
Definition
albedo is the fraction of the total radiation that is reflected by any surface. many clouds have a high albedo and therefore reflect a significant portion of the sunlight that strike them back to space
Term
what does the extent of cloud cover influence
Definition
by reducing the amount
Term
what type of lines connects points of the same temperature
Definition
isotherm
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