1. Question 

2. Hypothesis

3. Test hypo

4. Conclusion 

5. Publish findings 

Nature- genes your born with 

Nurture- environmental influences( food, pollution)

Critical period 

Vs.

Sensitive period 

Critical- particular type of dev. Must occur for normal dev. Ex. limbs, thalidomide

Sensative- type of dev. Occurs easily ex. Language

Bio social- dev. That occurs in the environment(nutrition) 

Cognitive- mental process that a person uses to obtain knowledge or think. 

Psychosocial- dev. Of PETS/personality, environment, temperament, social skills

Gains and losses 

butterfly effect- small thins cause a big things to happen 

SES context 

cohort- what era you grew up in 

SES- a persons place in society based on wealth.... Ect. 

Ex. How to raise children, learning within a cultural 

vygotskys theory- monkey see monkey do. Ex. Guided participation, scaffolding 

Statement of principles to understand how and why people change as they grow older. 

- can generate hypothesis 

ex. Taking a theory and applying it to your life

Psychoanalytic

-humans are motivated by sexual drives

-motivated by unconcious aggressiveness 

Psychosocial 

 cultural diversity 

social cchange

psychological crisis 

Watson - study observable behavior 

classical conditioning- Pavlovvwith the dogs and food

operant conditioning- learning with consequences that follow a behavior that will either strengthen or weaken that behavior. ( neg,pos reinforcment) (punishment- neg,pos)

social learning- observational behavior. Ex: seeing father shave, modeling- showing kid how to shave 

Piaget had the most famous 

a theory that focuses on changes of how people think over time. 

4 stages

-sensorimotor: infants 

-preoperational: 2-6 yrs

-concrete operational: 6-11yrs

-formal operational: 12-adulthood 

ADHD- nature/ nurture 

sexual orientation- nature/nurture but  mainly nature 

Observation: testing hypothesis by watching in natural habitat or lab setting ( independent variable- the variable that is introduced to see what affect it has on the repentant variable. Dependent variable- the variable that may change as a result of condition. 

Survey: info collected from a large number of people by interviews, questionnaires. 

Cross-sectional- compare 2 or more groups 

Longitudinal- 1 cohort 

Cross-sequential- found by Schaie, study over many years with many groups, longest 

Quantitative- provides data that can be expressed with numbers.

Qualitative- research that considers qualities instead of quantities. Open ended questions are used. 

Protection of research participants

- must sign consent 

- voluntary 

- harmless

-confidential 

- deception?

- debrief 

Molecules of DNA

Consists of 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs

An organisms genetic inheritance, or genetic potential.

unique for each organism