Term
| Wheb psychologists speak of life-span develooment, they are referring to an approach that empasizes...? |
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Definition
| The periods of the human life span involving both growth and decline. |
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Term
| Whether or not intellectual skills can be improved though education for individuals in their 70's conversation is a question of...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Developmental psychologists suggest thay some characteristics are of interest to professionals from more thannone particularly field of study. Which chatacteristic of development does thia suggest? |
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Definition
| Development is multidiscipinary. |
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Term
| Unusual occurences that have a major impact on an individual's life and are usually not applocable to many people are called....? |
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Definition
| Nonnormative life events. |
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Term
| Sociocultural contexts include four important concepts: culture, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and gender. Which of these four concepts could be defined as "the behavior patyerns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Psychologists have learned that the ability to control one's environment can have a powerful effect on a person's health. They have also learnes that poor health can influence intellectual functioning. This is an example of...? |
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Definition
| The joint influence of biological and cognitive processes. |
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Term
| Which of the following is not an example of aparticular cognitive process? An infant watching a mobile, an adolescent solving a crossword puzzle, an infant's smile in response to touch, or a child memorizing a poem? |
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Definition
| An infant's smile in response to her mother's touch. |
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Term
| Which of the following statements regarding developmentalists and their positions on the issues of nature-nurture, continuity-discontinuity and stability-change is true? Most devrloomentalists recognize that taking extreme positions on these issues is unwise, Develoomentalists are in agreement regarding how strongly decelopment is influenced by eaxh of these factors, There is little debate among develoomentalists on these issues, All of these. |
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Definition
| Most developmentalosts recognize that taking extreme positions on these issues is unwise. |
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Term
| The most important issues in the study of development include all of the following except... naturr and nurture, continuity and discontinuity, stability and change, or masculinity and femininity? |
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Definition
| Masculinity and femininity. |
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Term
| Freud is assocoated with which theoretical perspective? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which psychologist contended that "trust versus mistrust" is the first psychological stage? |
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Definition
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Term
| The criticisms of psychoanalytic theories include all of the folloeing except.. There is a lack of scientific support for many of the claims made by these theories, There is too much emphasis on sexual underpinnings of behaviors, The theory paints far too negative a picture of human beings, or There is skepticism about the purness of Piaget's stages. |
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Definition
| There is skepticism about the purness of Piaget's stages. |
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Term
| The theory that emphasizes that individials manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it is called the ........... theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is an assumption of Vygotsky's perspective on development? Chidren are active in their construction of their understanding the world around them, Children's cognitive skills cannot be understood when they are only developmentally analyzed and interpreted, Cognitive skills are not mediated by words, language, and forms of discourse, Cognitive skills do not have their origins in social relations. |
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Definition
| Children are active in their construction of their understanding the world around them. |
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Term
| Who was the psychologist responsible for originating the theory of attachment? |
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Definition
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Term
| ,............ is to operant conditioning, as ................. is to social cognitive theory. |
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Definition
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Term
| Accordinflg to Bronfenbrenner's theory, the maceosystem is.....? |
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Definition
| The culture in which individuals live. |
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Term
| Which type of research mehod incolves an in-depth look at one individual? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which research strategy simultaneously compares individuals of different ages? |
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Definition
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Term
| The evolutionary process that favors individuals of a species that are best adapted to survive and reproduce is called...? |
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Definition
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Term
| One idea proposed by evolutionary develoomental psychologists is that...? |
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Definition
| One reason why childhood is such a length process is that it takes a long timw to develop a large brain. |
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Term
| ............. is the specialized form of cell division which produces egg and sperm cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Humans have .......... pairs of chromosomea in normal developmental cases. |
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Definition
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Term
| A phenotype can include what kind of information? |
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Definition
| Both psychological and physical characteristics. |
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Term
| Emily, who has brown eyes, has one dominant gene ans one recessive gene. When we describe her actual genetic makeup, we are describing her...? |
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Definition
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Term
| A genetic disorder that negative affects the shape of the body's red blood cells is called...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sex-linked chromosomal abnormality occurs when males have an extra X chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) is...? |
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Definition
| A genetic disorder that impairs the metabolizing of a specific, naturally-occuring amino acid. |
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Term
| A(n) .............. is someone who seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Sandra Scarr, all the following are ways which heredity and environment are correlated except....? Passive genotype - environment correlations, Provocative genotype -e environment correlations, Active (niche-picking) genotype - environment correlations, or Evocative genotype -- environment correlations. |
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Definition
| Provactive genotype - environment correlations. |
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Term
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Definition
| The outer layer of cells that develop during the germinal period. |
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Term
| The endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm develoo during the ............. period. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer of embryonic cells eventually becomes the circulatory system, bones excretory system, reproductive system, and muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not part of the embryonic period? Intensified cell differentiation, appearance of organs, formation of cellular support systems, or creation of the zygote? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is the longest period in prenatal development? |
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Definition
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Term
| ................ is/are factors that cause birth defects. |
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Definition
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Term
| FASD refers to a cluster of abnormalities that appears in the offspring of mothers who ______ in preganancy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements regarding prenatal development risks is true? Paternal factors do not adversely affect prenatal development, Older women are not at increased risk of having a baby with Down syndrome, Maternal nutrition plays a large role in prenatal development, Cigarette smoking by women has little effect on prenatal and child development. |
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Definition
| Maternal nutrition plays a large role in prenatal development. |
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Term
| In stage .......... of labor, contradictions cause the women's cervix to steetch and open. |
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Definition
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Term
| An epidural block is a type of regional.....? |
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Definition
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Term
| The surgical removal of the baby from the uterus is called a/an...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Babies born after a regular period of gestation but weighing less than.............. pounds are called low-birthweight infants. |
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Definition
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Term
| Regarding bonding, which of the following statements is false? Bonding is the occurence of close contact, especially physical contact, between parents and newborns in the period shortly after birth, Many hospitals offer "rooming in" to encourage contact between new parents and their infants, There is evidence that immediate, postnatal bonding is crucial to the development of a competenr, intelligent infant, Special interest in bonding came about when some pediatricians argued that the circumstances surrounding delivery often seperate mothers and their infants. |
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Definition
| There is evidence that immediate, postnatal bonding is critical to the development of a compete t, intelligent infant. |
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Term
| The .............. principle of development suggests that growth begins at the top (the head) of the body and moves downward. |
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Definition
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Term
| The average North American newborn is .......... inches long and weighs ............ pounds. |
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Definition
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Term
| At birth, the newborn's brain is about .........% of its adult weight. |
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Definition
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Term
| The term .............. describes the specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements about the REM sleep of a newborn is FALSE? One-half of the sleep cycle is REM sleep, Infants often begin their sleep with REM, The amount of time spent in REM sleep increases with age, REM sleep is believed to promote brain development in babies. |
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Definition
| The amount of time spent in REM sleep increases with age. |
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Term
| Which of the following is not a risk factor of SIDS? Being hispanic, Being Eskimo, Low birthweight infants, Infants sleeping on their stomachs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a nutritional recomendation for infants? Infants should consume approximately 500 calories for each pound they weigh, Parents should feed their infant a low-fat, low-calorie diet in order to establish healthy eating habits early on, Overall, breat milk seems to be preferable to formula unless there is a compelling reason not to breastfeed, Children under age 2 should not consume skim milk. |
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Definition
| Overall, breast milk seems to be preferable to formula unless there is a compelling reason not to breastfeed. |
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Term
| When presented with a sudden, intense noise, Baby Nathan is startled, archea his back, throws his head back, and flings out his arms ans legs. This is an example of which reflex? |
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Definition
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Term
| An infant would use which of the following reflexes to obtain food? Sucking, Rooting, Moro, Both sucking and rooting. |
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Definition
| Both sucking and rooting. |
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Term
| Which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill? Walking, Lifting your head, Finger dexterity, Crawling. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which groas motor skill is acquires before sitting without support? |
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Definition
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Term
| .......... occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors. |
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Definition
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Term
| The visual cliff is used to study infant...? |
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Definition
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Term
| The main theme of the ecological approach of Elanor and James Gibson is to discover....? |
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Definition
| Both how perception guides action and how action guides perception. |
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Term
| A (an) ............... is a cognitive structure that helps individuals organize and understand their experiences. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is Piaget's stage of cognitive development for infancy? Formal operational, Concrete operational, Preoperational, or Sensorimotor? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Piaget one of thw most important accomplishments in infanct is the development of ..............., which allows an infant to undersrand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. |
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Definition
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Term
Research evaluating Piaget's sensorimotor stage suggests that perceptual development occurs .............
. Than Piaget suggestes, and that conceptual development occurs ......... than Piaget envisioned. |
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Definition
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Term
| Andrew Meltzoff is known for....? |
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Definition
| Demonstrating infants' imitative abilities. |
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Term
| The term.......... refers to memory without conscious recollection. |
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Definition
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Term
| The vocabulary spit that begins at approximately 18 months involves a.....? |
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Definition
| Rapid increase in spoken vocabulary. |
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Term
| A 24-month-child wouls most likely communicate with....? |
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Definition
| Two-word, telegraphic utterances. |
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Term
| When Jacob says 'Me Big Boy!" His mother replies "Yes, you are a big boy!" This is known as....? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following emotions ins not generally seen in very young infants?
Surprise, Interest, Shame, or Fear? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cry is characterized by a rhythmic pattern of a cry, brief silence, short whistle, and a brief rest before the next cry? |
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Definition
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Term
| Baby Joshua lets out a long initial cry followed by an extended period of breath holding. This pattern can best be described as a(n)...? |
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Definition
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Term
| For the average infant, social smiles appear as early as .......... in response to a caregiver's voice. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three basic types of infant temperament? |
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Definition
| Easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up. |
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Term
| Baby Elizabeth has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood. She would best be described as...? |
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Definition
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Term
| ........... refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of Erikson's stages emphasizes the development of independence during the second year of life? |
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Definition
| Autonomy versus shame and doubt. |
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Term
| Freud theorized that infants become attached to the person that provides...? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Bowlby, in which phase do infants develop specific attachments? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mai uses her mother as a secure base from which to explore her environment. Which type of baby would she be classified as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which caregiving style is related to the insecure resistant style of attachment in infants? |
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Definition
| Inconsistently available and usually not affectionate. |
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Term
| The principle of reciprocal socialization suggests that...? |
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Definition
| Parents and children both socialize each other. |
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Term
| .......... is parental behavior that supports children's efforts, allowing them to be more skillful than they would be if they were to rely solely on their own abilities. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following countries has the most extensive family leave policy for new parents? |
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Definition
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Term
Regarding gender differences in parental care giving, which of the following statements is true?
Paternal interactions are more likely to involve discipline and less likely to include play, Mothers engage in more rough-and-tumble play with their infants than do fathers, Infants consistently demonstrate a preference for the mother regardless of the availability of the father, or Maternal interactions usually center on child care activities such as feeding, changing diapers, and bathing. |
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Definition
| Maternal interactions usually center on child care activities such as feeding, changing diapers, and bathing. |
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Term
| The National Longitudinal Study of Child Care conducted in 1991 revealed that...? |
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Definition
| By 4 months of age, most infants have entered some form of nonmaternal child care. |
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Term
| Which of Erikson's stages of personality development emphasizes the need for an infant's environment to be consistently nurturant? |
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Definition
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Term
| The mirror technique was devised as a means of assessing an infant's...? |
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Definition
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