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Chapter1&2
chapter1&2 geography 116
44
Geography
Undergraduate 3
09/20/2010

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Term
Cartography
Definition
The science of making maps.
Term
Concentration
Definition
The spread of something over a given area.
Term
Contagious diffusion
Definition
The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.
Term
cultural landscape
Definition
Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.
Term
Density
Definition
The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.
Term
diffusion
Definition
The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time.
Term
Distance Decay
Definition
The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
Term
Distribution
Definition
The arrangement of something across Earth's surface.
Term
environmental determinism
Definition
A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.
Term
Expansion diffusion
Definition
The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.
Term
Formal(uniform)region
Definition
An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics.
Term
Functional region
Definition
An area organized around a node or focal point.
Term
Geographic information system(GIS)
Definition
A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.
Term
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Definition
A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
Term
Globalization
Definition
Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope
Term
Greenwich mean time
Definition
The time in that time zone encom­passing the prime meridian, or 0° longitude.
Term
hearth
Definition
The region from which innovative ideas originate.
Term
Hierarchical diffusion
Definition
The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.
Term
Latitude
Definition
The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator (0°).
Term
Location
Definition
The position of anything on Earth's surface.
Term
longitude
Definition
The numbering system used to indicate the loca­tion of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (0°).
Term
map
Definition
A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's sur­face or a portion of it.
Term
mental map
Definition
An internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, con­taining personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located.
Term
meridian
Definition
An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles.
Term
Parallel
Definition
A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equa­tor and at right angles to the meridians.
Term
Pattern
Definition
The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area.
Term
Physiological density
Definition
The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
Term
point
Definition
A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.
Term
Prime meridian
Definition
The meridian, designated as 0° longitude, which passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.
Term
possibilism
Definition
The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
Term
projection
Definition
The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map.
Term
Region
Definition
An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features
Term
relocation diffusion
Definition
The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.
Term
remote sensing
Definition
The acquisition of data about Earth's sur­face from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods.
Term
scale
Definition
Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface.
Term
site
Definition
The physical character of a place.
Term
situation
Definition
The location of a place relative to other places.
Term
space
Definition
The physical gap or interval between two objects.
Term
spacial interaction
Definition
The movement of physical processes, human activities, and ideas within and among regions.
Term
space - time compression
Definition
The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.
Term
stimulus diffusion
Definition
The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.
Term
toponym
Definition
The name given to a portion of Earth's surface.
Term
Transnational corporation
Definition
A company that conducts re­search, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.
Term
Vernacular region (or perceptual region)
Definition
An area that people believe to exist as part of their cultural identity.
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