Term
| What are the thre different types of stress on the earth's crust? |
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Definition
| Shearing, Tension, and Compression |
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Term
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Definition
| Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions. Can cause rock to bread and slip apart or to change its shape. |
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Term
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Definition
| stress that stretches rock to where it becomes thinner in the middle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. |
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Term
| What are the three types of faults? |
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Definition
| strike-slip fault, normal fault, and reverse fault. |
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Term
| What is a strike-slip fault? |
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Definition
| A type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion. |
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Term
| What is a normal fault? What is it caused by? |
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Definition
| A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward. |
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Term
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Definition
| The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in the volume or shape of Earth's crust. |
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Term
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Definition
| a break in earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault. |
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Term
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Definition
| The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault. |
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Term
| What is a Fault-block mountain? |
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Definition
| A mountain that forms where a normal fault uplifts a block of rock. |
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Term
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Definition
| A bend in rock that forms where part of Earth's crust is compressed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level. |
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Term
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Definition
| An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust. |
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Term
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Definition
| A downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust. |
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Term
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Definition
| The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. |
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Term
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Definition
| The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vibration that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground? |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or dide to side. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| The measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults. |
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Term
| What is the Mercalli Scale? |
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Definition
| A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause. |
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Term
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Definition
| A scale that rates seismic waves as measured by a particular type of mechanical seismograph. |
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Term
| What is a moment magnitude scale? |
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Definition
| A scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which an earthquake's violent movement suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud. |
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Term
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Definition
| A large wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor. |
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Term
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Definition
An earthquake that occurs after a
larger earthquake in the same area. |
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Term
| What is a Base-isolated Building? |
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Definition
| A building mounted on bearings designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake. |
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Term
| Name the pro's and con's of a Mercali scale. |
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Definition
Pro's- qualitive scale. You odn't really need any equipment to measure earthquake intensite/
Con's- It's a subjective measurement and is not very empirical. |
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Term
| name the pros and cons of a Richter Scale. |
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Definition
pros: More objective scale than mercalli. Quantitavie measurement. More emperical. Works well for small nearby earthquakes.
Cons: Doesn't work well for large or distant earthquakes. |
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Term
| What is an advantage to the moment magnitude scale? |
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Definition
| Can be used for all types of earthquakes - near and far. |
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Term
| What is a big and what is a little earthquake according to the moment magnitude scale? |
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Definition
| Under 5.0 is a smaller earthquake and over 5.0 is a big, double whammy earthquake. |
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Term
| Which type of waves cause more damage? Why so? |
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Definition
| S waves - shake the ground |
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Term
| How can local soil conditions affect amount of shaking on land? |
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Definition
| The thinker the layer of soil, the more violent the shaking will be. |
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Term
| Name two building hazards in earthquake prone area's. |
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Definition
| -Steep slopes are in danger of landslikes. -Filled Land can shake violently. |
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Term
| Name two in-home safety tips for during an earthquake. |
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Definition
| The best way to protect yourself is to drop , cover, and hold. Crouch beneath a sturdy table or desk and hold on to it. Avoid windows, mirrors, wall hanging's and furniture that might topple. |
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Term
| What instruments do geologists use to measure deformation and stress along faults? |
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Definition
| Creep meter, Laser-Ranging Device, tiltmeter, and Satellite Imaging. |
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Term
| How do creep meter's work? |
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Definition
| they monitor faults using a wire streched across the ground over a fault to measure horizontal movement of the ground. |
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Term
| How do laser ranging device's work? |
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Definition
| the monitor faults by using a laser beam to detect even tiny fault movements. |
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Term
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Definition
| they monitor faults, and act similar to carpenters leels, it can measure the tilting of the ground. |
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Term
| How do satelite monitors work? |
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Definition
| Geologists use satellites equipped with radar to make images of the faults. |
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Term
| How well can Geologists monitor risk in the U.S.? |
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Definition
| Geologists can NOT predict where and when an earthquake will strike.However, they CAN determine earthquake risk by locating where faults are active and where past earthquakes have occured. |
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