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Chapter Two Psych
Psych's Scientific Method
54
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/11/2011

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Term
Variable
Definition
Anything that can change
Term
Theory
Definition
A broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations and make predictions about future observations
Term
Operational Definition
Definition
A definition that provides description of how a variable is going to be measured and observed in a particular study
Term
Meta-analysis
Definition
A method that allows researchers to combine the results of several different studies on a similar topic in order to establish the strength of an effect.
Term
Descriptive Research
Definition
Research that determines the basic dimensions of a phenomenon, defining what it is, when it occurs etc.
Term
Case Study/ Case History
Definition
An in-depth look at a single individual
Term
Correlational Research
Definition
Research that examines the relationships between variables, whose purpose is to examine whether and how two variables change together.
Term
Third Variable Problem
Definition
The circumstance when a variable that has not been measured accounts for the relationship between the other two variables. The third variable is known as a confound.
Term
Longitudinal Design
Definition
A special kind of systematic observation. Involves obtaining measures of variables over time.
Term
Experiment
Definition
A regulated procedure in which a researcher manipulates one or more variables to influence some other variable
Term
Random Assignment
Definition
Researchers' assignment of participants to groups by chance to reduce the likelihood that an experiment's results will be due to a preexisting difference.
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
The variable the experimenter changes to see what the effects are.
Term
Confederate
Definition
Person given a role in an experiment.
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
The outcome, factor that can change and DEPENDS on the independent variable.
Term
Variable
Definition
Anything that can change
Term
Theory
Definition
A broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations and make predictions about future observations
Term
Operational Definition
Definition
A definition that provides description of how a variable is going to be measured and observed in a particular study
Term
Meta-analysis
Definition
A method that allows researchers to combine the results of several different studies on a similar topic in order to establish the strength of an effect.
Term
Descriptive Research
Definition
Research that determines the basic dimensions of a phenomenon, defining what it is, when it occurs etc.
Term
Case Study/ Case History
Definition
An in-depth look at a single individual
Term
Correlational Research
Definition
Research that examines the relationships between variables, whose purpose is to examine whether and how two variables change together.
Term
Third Variable Problem
Definition
The circumstance when a variable that has not been measured accounts for the relationship between the other two variables. The third variable is known as a confound.
Term
Longitudinal Design
Definition
A special kind of systematic observation. Involves obtaining measures of variables over time.
Term
Experiment
Definition
A regulated procedure in which a researcher manipulates one or more variables to influence some other variable
Term
Random Assignment
Definition
Researchers' assignment of participants to groups by chance to reduce the likelihood that an experiment's results will be due to a preexisting difference.
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
The variable the experimenter changes to see what the effects are.
Term
Confederate
Definition
Person given a role in an experiment.
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
The outcome, factor that can change and DEPENDS on the independent variable.
Term
Variable
Definition
Anything that can change
Term
Theory
Definition
A broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations and make predictions about future observations
Term
Operational Definition
Definition
A definition that provides description of how a variable is going to be measured and observed in a particular study
Term
Meta-analysis
Definition
A method that allows researchers to combine the results of several different studies on a similar topic in order to establish the strength of an effect.
Term
Descriptive Research
Definition
Research that determines the basic dimensions of a phenomenon, defining what it is, when it occurs etc.
Term
Case Study/ Case History
Definition
An in-depth look at a single individual
Term
Correlational Research
Definition
Research that examines the relationships between variables, whose purpose is to examine whether and how two variables change together.
Term
Third Variable Problem
Definition
The circumstance when a variable that has not been measured accounts for the relationship between the other two variables. The third variable is known as a confound.
Term
Longitudinal Design
Definition
A special kind of systematic observation. Involves obtaining measures of variables over time.
Term
Experiment
Definition
A regulated procedure in which a researcher manipulates one or more variables to influence some other variable
Term
Random Assignment
Definition
Researchers' assignment of participants to groups by chance to reduce the likelihood that an experiment's results will be due to a preexisting difference.
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
The variable the experimenter changes to see what the effects are.
Term
Confederate
Definition
Person given a role in an experiment.
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
The outcome, factor that can change and DEPENDS on the independent variable.
Term
Experimental Group
Definition
Participants who receive the drug or treatment. They are exposed to the independent variable.
Term
Control Group
Definition
The are treated exactly like the experimental group except for the independent variable.
Term
External Validity
Definition
The degree to which an experimental design actually reflects the real world issues it supposed to address.
Term
Internal Validity
Definition
Degree to which changes in dependent variable are a manipulation of the independent variable.
Term
Experimenter bias
Definition
Occurs when the experimenters expectations influence the outcome of the research.
Term
Placebo
Definition
A harmless substance that has no effect and is given to the control group.
Term
Placebo Effect
Definition
Occurs when participants' expectations rather than the treatment produce and outcome.
Term
Double Blind Experiment
Definition
A design in which neither the experimenter nor participants are aware of the control group and experiment group.
Term
Population
Definition
The entire group about which the investigator wants to draw conclusions.
Term
Sample
Definition
A subset of the population
Term
Standard Deviation
Definition
A measure of dispersion that tells us how much scores in a sample differ from the mean.
Term
Inferential Statistics
Definition
Mathematical methods that are used to indicated whether results for a sample are likely to generalize to a population
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