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| a particular type of organism; a population or group of populations whose members share certain characteristics and can freely breed with one another and produce fertile offspring. |
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| a group of individuals of a particular species that live in a particular area. |
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| change over time; generic change in populations of organisms across generations |
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| the process by which inherited characteristics that enhance survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations that those that do not |
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Charles Darwin
Alfred Russel Wallace |
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Definition
| 1858 - each independently proposed the concept of natural selection |
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| the process in which, over time, traits that lead to better reproductive success |
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| a trait that promotes success |
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| accidental changes in DNA |
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| selection conducted under human direction |
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| the variety of life across all levels of biological organization |
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| the process by which new species are generated |
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| diagrams that illustrate the history of divergance |
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| imprint in stone of a dead organism |
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| the cumulative body of fossils |
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| the disappearance of a species from Earth |
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| occurring nowhere else, especially in the contest of species |
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| five events that killed off massive numbers of species at once |
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| the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment |
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| the cumulative total of living things on Earth and the areas they inhabit |
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| studies the dynamics of population change and the factors that affect it |
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| muliple interacting species that live in the same area |
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| studies on patterns of species diversity and interactions between species |
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| communities and the abiotic forces and the interaction between the two |
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| shows patterns by studying biotic and abiotic factors |
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| some habitats are used and some aren't based on the organisms in the area |
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| mobile organisms actively selecting habitats in which to live |
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| an organism's "job" or specialty |
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| species with narrow breadth in terms of niche |
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| species with broad tolerances that can use a wide variety of resources |
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| the number of individual organisms present at a given time |
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| the number of individuals in a population per unit area |
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| the spatial arrangement of organisms in a area |
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| proportion of males to females |
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| the numbers of organisms of each age in a population |
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| the likelihood of survival vs age; humans are type I while toads are type III |
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| natural rate of population growth |
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| birth rate minus death rate |
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| natural rate + (immigration rate - emigration rate) |
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| when a population increases by a fixed percentage each year |
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| how much of an organism can exist, decided by limiting factors |
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| exponential growth then a species hits carrying capacity |
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| the limiting factors that depend upon how many of a species exists |
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| limiting factors that don't depend upon the population density |
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| stabilize over time near carrying capacity |
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| high biotic potential, population rises and falls quickly |
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| tourists that visit a region because of parks and a reputation for conservation |
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