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| the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society |
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| the systematic study of how biology affects social behavior. |
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| Sigmund Fred's term for the component of personality that includes all of the individuals basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification |
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| according to Sigmund Freud, the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of the id. |
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| psychoanalytic approach is that human behavior and personality originate from unconscious forces within indidviduals, founder of the psychoanalytic theory. |
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| Sigmund Freud's term for the conscience, consisting of the moral and ethical aspects of personality. |
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| elaborated on Piaget's theories of cognitive reasoning by conducting a series of studies in which children, adolescents, and adults were presented with moral dilemmas that took the form of stories. |
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| one of the major critics of Kohlberg's theory of moral development. |
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| created the looking-glass theory |
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| extended Cooley's insights by linking the idea of self-concept to role-taking. |
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| the totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves |
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| Charles Horton Cooley's term for the way in which a person's sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others. |
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| the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person in order to understand the world from that person's point of view |
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| those people whose care, affection, and approval are espically desired and who are most important in the development of the self. |
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| Mead's term for the child's awerness of the demands and expectations of the society as a whole or of the child's subculture. |
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| the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society. |
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| a group of people who are linked by common interest, equal social position, and similar age |
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| large-scale organizations that use print or electronic means to communicate with large numbers of people |
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| the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society. |
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| the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of one's racial or ethnic status |
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| anticipatory socialization |
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| the process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles |
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| a situation in which a person or group is considered to have less social value than other individuals or groups |
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| prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age, particularly against older people |
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| the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one's background and experience. |
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| Erving Goffman's term for a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institution. |
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