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| Four primary tissue types |
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| epithelial, connective, muscle, neural (nervous). |
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| covers all exposed surfaces of the body (internal and external). They line the lumens of all passageways (respiratory, digestive, reproductive tubes, and blood vessels) and the ventral body cavitiy and chambers of the brain. Act to protect underlying tissues, absorb and secrete. |
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| act as a filler between epithelia and other tissues; they also act to support the body (skeleton, cartilage) and store energy (fat). |
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| contract for movement, maintains posture, and generates heat for maintaining body temperature. |
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| conducts electrical signals throughout the body for communication among the organs and coordination of bodily functions. |
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| the first connective tissue to appear in the developing embryo. This connective tissue gives rise to all other connective tissues, including fluid connective tissues, cartilage, and bone. |
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| All Connective Tissues (CT) are composed of |
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| background material upon which are found cells and fibers. Ground subtance consistency can range from liquid to solid. |
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| Collagen, Elastin, Reticular fibers, Fibrinogen/Fibrin. |
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| Fibroblasts, White blood cells (macrophages, lymphocytes), Adipocytes, Mesenchymal cells, Melanocytes, Mast cells. |
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| produce and secrete the fibers of the matrix. sometimes differentiate further to become cartilage and bone cells. |
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Macrophages: a type of WBC that phagocytizes foreign material that enters the tissues.
Lymphocytes: mediate the immune response. |
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| fat-manufacturing & fat storing cells; generally associated with Loose Connective Tissues (LCT), also known as Adipose tissue. |
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| stem cells that are relatively undifferentiated and can become other types of connective tissue (CT) cells. |
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| pigment-secreting cells, usually found in the skin and the connective tissue layers of the eyeball. |
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| immune cells that secrete chemicals that mediate the inflammatory response by secreting histamine and heparin. |
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| Location of mucous membrane |
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Definition
| line passageways that communicate with the exterior, including the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tract. |
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| function of mucous membrane |
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| form a barrier that resists the entry of pathogens, provides support for blood vessels and nerves that supply the epithelium, and preforms absorptive and secretory functions. |
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| line the subdivisions of the ventral body cavity. There are three serous membranes, each consisting of a mesothelium supported by areolar connective tissue rich in blood and lymphatic vessels. Their primary function is to minimize friction between the opposing parietal and visceral surfaces of the serous membrane. |
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| covers the surface of the body, consists of a keratinized stratified squamos epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar connective tissues reinforced by a layer of of dense connective tissue. |
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| A thin membrane consisting of extensive areas of areolar tissue bounded by an incomplete superficial layer of squamos or cuboidal cells. in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid. |
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| Located between skin and underlying organs. Composed of areolar and adipose tissue, also known as subcutaneous layer or hypodermis. |
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| Forms a strong, fibrous internal framework. Consists of dense connective tissue, and is bound to capsules, tendons, ligaments, etc. |
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| Contains two distinct layers, an outer fibrous layer of dense irregular connective tissue provides mechanical support and protection to most cartilage, and the cellular layer is important ofr the growth and maintenance of the cartilage. |
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| Cartilage cells, the only cells found within the cartilage matrix. These cells live in small chambers known as lacunae. |
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| small chambers that house the chondrocytes in the cartilage matrix. |
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| within and deep to the dermis of the skin, and covered by the epithelial lining of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts; between muscles; around blood vessels, nerves, and joints. |
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| Cushions organs; provides support but permits independent movement; phagocytic cells provide defense against pathogens. |
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| Deep to the skin, especially at the sides, buttocks, breasts; padding around eyes and kidneys. |
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| Provides padding and cushions shocks; insulates (reduces heat loss); stores energy. |
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| Dense regular tissue location |
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| between skeletal muscles and skeleton (tendons and apeneuroses); between bones or stabilizing positions of internal organs (ligaments); covering skeletal muscles; deep fasciae. |
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| Elastic cartilage location |
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| Auricle of external ear; epiglottis; auditory canal; cuneiform cartilages of larynx. |
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| Elastic cartilage functions |
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Definition
| Provides support, but tolerates distortion without damage and returns to original shape. |
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| Hyaline cartilage location |
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| Between tips of ribs and bones of sternum; covering bone surfaces at synovial joints; supporting larynx (voice box), trachea, and bronchi; forming part of nasal septum. |
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| Hyaline cartilage function |
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| provides stiff but somewhat flexible support; reduces friction between bony surfaces. |
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| most common fiber in all CT proper tissues and supporting CT; thick, ropelike, bendable but not elastic or stretchy. |
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| stretchy and elastic; returns to original length after being stretched. Amount of elastin decreases with age, usually replaced with collagen. |
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| uncommon fibers which are readily found in organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes; thin, branching, non-elastic fibers that form a network/meshwork. |
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| unique soluble fibers that are only found in plasma and become solid during clotting. |
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| lines the subdivisions of the ventral body cavity. Consists of a mesothelium supported by areolar connective tissue rich in blood and lymphatic vessels, and its main function is to reduce friction. |
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| line the internal passageways of the digestive, reprouductive, urinary , and respiratory tracts. Form a barrier that resist entry by pathogens; the epithelial surfaces are kept moist at all times. |
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| covers the surface of the body and is composed of layers of keratinized stratified squamos epithelium and and underlying layer of areolar tissue reinforced by a layer of dense connective tissue. |
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| consists of extensive areas of areolar tissue bounded by an incomplete superficial layer of squamos or cuboidal cells. Synovial membranes are found at articulating joints. Synovial membranes differ from epithelia in three respects 1, there is no basal or reticualr lamina 2, the cellular layer is incomplete with gaps between adjacent cells and 3, the "epithelial cells" are derived drom macrophages and firboblasts of the adjacent connective tissue. |
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| layer of loose connective tissue that lies between the deep fascia and the serous membranes that line the body cavities. |
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