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The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Behavior: ouitward or overt actions and reactions.
Mental processes: internal, covert activity of our minds. |
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Description
Explanation
- Why is it happening?
- Theory: General explantion of a set of observations or facts.
Perdiction
Control
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Process of objectively examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities. |
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Focused on the structure or basic elements of the mind. |
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How the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play. |
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It began as science in Germany in 1879.
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The whole is greater than the sum of it parts. |
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| Freud's Theory of Psychoanalysis |
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The unconscious mind controls much of our conscious behavior. |
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Watson proposed a science of behavior which focused only on the study of observable stimuli and responses and or how a specific stimulus provokes a certain response. |
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| Psychodynamic Perspective |
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| Modern form of psychoanalysis |
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| Where learning and behavior is described and explained in terms of stimulus-response relationships. |
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| Free will and the human potential for growth (self-actualization) are emphasized. |
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| Study of the mental processes. |
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| Psychological Professional and Areas of Specialization |
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| Academic degrees, can do counseling, teaching, and research. Can specialize in any one of a large number of areas dealing with psychology. Medical doctors that provides diagnosis and therapy. Social workers that have special training inthe influences of the environment on mental illness. |
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Definition
Five Steps
- Perceiving the question (describe)
- Form a hypothesis
- Testing the hypothesis (predicting)
- Drawing conclusions
- Reporting the results or data
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| Scientific method- a method for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data. |
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| Finding relationships and measure how strongly variables are related. |
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Expectation of change is sufficient to produce a change.
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Unintentional influence over the outcomes of a study. |
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Guidelines for Conducting Research with People |
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- Protection of rights and well-being of participants
- Informed consent
- Justification whrn deception is used
- The right of the participants to withdraw at any time
- Protection of participants from physcial or psychological harm
- Debriefing of participants at the conclusion of the study
- Confidentiality
- Detecting, removing, correcting unwanted consequences
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