Term
| How do geologists study earth's interior? |
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Definition
| Using indirect methods. They use seismic waves. These hit something and bounce back and get interpreted into diagrams/pictures of the earths interior. |
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Term
| Explain in as much detail as possible the mechanism behind sea-floor spreading.Who first proposed it? Name atleast three pieces of evidence for sea floor spreading. |
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Definition
| At the mid ocean ridge, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts. the molten material spreads out, pushing older rock to both sides of the ridge. Harry Hess first proposed this idea. Molten Material(pillow lava) Magnetic Stripes(on ocean floor) Drilling samples. |
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Term
| What are the three different types of heat transfer and how they work? |
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Definition
| Radiation - Heat transfer through an empty space like sunlight. Conduction - Direct contact of particles of matter(hitting hand on hot pan) and Convection - Invades the movement of liquids, gasses or fluids. Heat transfer by convection is caused by differences in temperatures and density. |
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Term
| What are convection currents? |
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Definition
| Convection current is the flow that transfers heat within a fluid. |
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Term
| What is Wegener's theory of continental drift? |
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Definition
| He proposed that there was once a super continent called pangea, and it slowly drifted apart over millions of years. |
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Term
| Explain the different types of evidence used by wegener to account for continental drift. |
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Definition
Evidence from landforms because mountain ranges line up on one continent to another.
Evidence from Fossils because fossils from different animals were found in places separated by oceans.(bunny story) Evidence from climate because plants that normally grow in warmer climates were found(fossilized) in places that are too cool to promote normal growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| The plates of the lithosphere float on top of the asthenosphere. The convection currents rise in the asthenosphere and spread out beneath the lithosphere. As the plates collide, move apart, grind past eachother, the result is spectacular changes in the earth's surface. |
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Term
| Name and explain different types of plate boundary. |
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Definition
Transfor boundaries-2plates slip past eachother moving in opposite directions.
Divergent boundaries-The place where two plates move apart, or diverge is called a Divergent boundary. Convergent Boundary-two plates converge, the result is called a conversion. |
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Term
| Name the three parts of the earth's core. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the valley that forms at a divergent boundary |
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Term
| Explain how earth's magnetic field is generated |
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Definition
| Earth's magnetic field is caused by the spinning of the inner core. The convection currents in the outer core cause the inner core to spin. |
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Term
| what happens to pressure as you travel deeper into earth's core? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 things that the inner core has the outer doesn't, and two things the outer has that the inner doesn't. Also name two things they both have in common. |
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Definition
Inner-Solid,Spins,Intense pressure, magnetic field.
Outer-molten,current
Both-iron,nickel |
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Term
| Explain the process of subduction. |
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Definition
| Subduction occurs when two plates converge and the denser plate sinks underneath the other one. |
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Term
| As you travel deeper into the earth, what is the rate and temperature at which the temperature increases/decrases? |
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Definition
| It increases 1degree celcius every 40meters. |
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Term
| What is the equation to find density? |
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Definition
| D=m/v (density equals mass divided by volume) |
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Term
| Definition of lithosphere? |
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Definition
| literally means "rocky sphere". Is composed of the crust and upper part of the mantle. |
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Term
| Definition of asthenosphere? |
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Definition
| Literally means without strength.Lies just below the lithosphere. |
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Term
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Definition
| one who studies the earth |
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Term
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Definition
| The solid mineral material that forms the Earth. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Definition of constructive force? |
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Definition
| build up land masses, mountains, etc. (e.g. volcanoes) |
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Term
| Definition of destructive force? Give 5 examples. |
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Definition
| slowly wears away the land (e.g. earthquakes,acid rain, wind, erosion,tornaadoes, hurricanes, tusnami's, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Any of the worlds main continuous expanses of land. |
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Term
| Definition of seismic waves? |
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Definition
| an elastic wavew in the earth produced by and Earthquake or other means. |
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Term
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Definition
| The continuous physical force exerted on or against an ovject by something in contact with it. |
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Term
| Definition of crust. What is it made of? |
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Definition
| the outer most layer of the planet.Granite and basalt |
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Term
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Definition
| Dark volcanic rock, composes the crust. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hard, igneous rock, composes crust. |
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Term
| Definition of inner core? |
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Definition
| solid, iron and nickel, spins and creates the magnetic field. |
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Term
| Definition of outer core? |
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Definition
| molten, iron and nickel, currents cause inner core to spin. |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree of compactness of a substance. |
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Term
| Explain subduction at deep ocean trenches. |
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Definition
| This forms when dense oceanic crust plunges back into the mantle when it meets less dense continental crust because of this, the ocean floor is recycled every 200million years. |
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Term
| Name two different examples of subduction. |
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Definition
| Pacific ocean and Atlantic Ocean. |
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Term
| What is scientific theory? |
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Definition
| It is a well tested concept that explains a wide variety of observations. |
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Term
| Do the continents move? If so, at what rate? |
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Definition
| Yes they do. They can move anywhere from 1cm to 10cm each year. |
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Term
| What are the three layer's of the earth? |
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Definition
| Crust,(Lithosphere is part of mantle and crust)Mantle, Core. |
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Term
| What and where is the Lithosphere? What does it mean? And how deep is it? |
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Definition
| It is part of the mantle and the crust. It literally meand "stone sphere" So litho means stone and it is about 100km deep. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd layer of planet, is softer than crust, is 3000 km thick, has section called asthenosphere. |
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Term
| Is basalt or granite more dense? |
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Definition
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Term
| Comepare the inner and outer core. |
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Definition
| Outer is soft, and liquid... is made of iron and nickel. The currents of the outer core cause the inner core to spin. The inner core is solid and under intense pressure, it is made of iron and nickel. it spins and is the cause of earths magnetic field. |
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