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Chapter 9 Vocabs
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59
Science
9th Grade
01/05/2015

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Term
Motion
Definition
An object's distance towards another object is changing
Term
Reference Point
Definition
A place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion
Term
International System of Units
Definition
Units used to describe distance an object moves
Term
Meter
Definition
A unit of measurement
Term
Speed
Definition
The distance an object travels per unit of time
Term
Average Speed
Definition
Total distance travelled / total time
Term
Instantaneous speed
Definition
The rate at which an object is moving at a given instant in time
Term
Velocity
Definition
Speed in a given direction
Term
Slope
Definition
Steepness of a line
Term
Acceleration
Definition
The rate at which velocity changes
Term
Force
Definition
A push or pull
Term
Newton
Definition
Unit used to measure force
Term
Net force
Definition
Combination of all forces acting on an object
Term
Unbalanced forces
Definition
Can cause an object to start moving, stop moving, or change direction
Term
Balanced forces
Definition
Object doesn't move, opposing forces are equal
Term
Friction
Definition
Force when two surfaces rub against each other
Term
Static friction
Definition
Friction on objects that aren't moving
Term
Sliding friction
Definition
Friction when two solid surfaces slide over each other
Term
Rolling friction
Definition
Friction when an object rolls over a surface
Term
Fluid friction
Definition
Friction when a solid object moves through a fluid
Term
Gravity
Definition
Force that pulls objects to each other
Term
Mass
Definition
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
Term
Weight
Definition
The force of gravity on a person or object at the surface of a planet
Term
Free fall
Definition
When the only force acting on an object is gravity
Term
Air resistance
Definition
A type of fluid friction from the air
Term
Terminal velocity
Definition
The greatest velocity an object reaches when falling
Term
Projectile
Definition
An object that is thrown
Term
Inertia
Definition
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
Term
Momentum
Definition
A characteristic of a moving object that is related to the mass and velocity of the object
Term
Law of conservation of momentum
Definition
States that, in the absence of outside forces, the total momentum of objects that interact does not change
Term
Satellite
Definition
Any object that orbits another object in space
Term
Centripetal force
Definition
Any forces that causes an object to move in a circular path
Term
Pressure
Definition
Force/Area
Term
Pascal
Definition
Unit of pressure
Term
Fluid
Definition
A material that can easily flow
Term
Barometer
Definition
Instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
Term
Buoyant force
Definition
Force exerted upward on an object to make it float
Term
Pascal's principle
Definition
When force is applied to a convinced fluid, the change in pressure is transmitted equally to,all parts of the fluid
Term
Hydraulic system
Definition
Uses liquids to transmit pressure in a confined fluid
Term
Bernouli's principle
Definition
States that, as the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases
Term
Lift
Definition
An upward force
Term
Work
Definition
When you exert a force on an object that causes it to move some distance
Term
Joule
Definition
Used to measure amount of work
Term
Power
Definition
The rate at which the work is done
Term
Machine
Definition
A device that allows work do be done more easily or more effcetive
Term
Input force
Definition
The force you exert on the machine
Term
Output force
Definition
The force the machine exerts on an object
Term
Input work
Definition
Input force times the input distance
Term
Output work
Definition
Output force times the output distance
Term
Mechanical advantage
Definition
The number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it
Term
Efficiency
Definition
Compares the output work to the input work
Term
Inclined plane
Definition
A flat, sloped surface
Term
Wedge
Definition
A device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge at the other end
Term
Screw
Definition
An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder
Term
Lever
Definition
A rigid bar that is free to rotate around a point
Term
Fulcrum
Definition
The fixed point that a lever rotates around
Term
Wheel and Axle
Definition
A simple machine made of two circular or cylindrical objects fastened together that rotate around a common axis
Term
Pulley
Definition
A simple machin made of a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it
Term
Compound Machine
Definition
A machine that utalizes two or more simple machines
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