Term
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Definition
-only directly observable traits (such as stimuli and responses) should be counted
-internal events cannot be recorded or observed, so they should be avoided
---originally proposed by WATSON |
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Term
| what is different about skinner's approach to personality? |
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Definition
| -he ignores unconscious, idea of the "self," anxiety, etc that other personality theorists addressed |
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Term
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Definition
-born in pennsylvania
-mother = main household figure
-presbytarian
-father was a lawyer
-was not punished very much as a child |
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Term
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Definition
-a stimulus that, at the beginning of training, does not elicit a predictable response from an organism
-unconditioned stimulus: a stimulus that elicits an automatic, natural, and predictable response from an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| -the natural and automatic response elicited by unconditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| -behavior elicited by a known stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
-"respondent conditioning*
-classical conditioning that emphasizes the importance of the stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| -behavior that can not be linked to any known stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
-conditioning of operant behavior (behavior with unknown stimulus)
-focuses on response |
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Term
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Definition
| -if a response is followed by a reward, response increases |
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Term
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Definition
-lever, light, food cup, grid floor
-lever pressed (operant behavior), food released into cup (reinforcer) |
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Term
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Definition
-differential reinforcement: some responses are reinforced and some are not
-successive approximations: responses that are reinforced are those that are really close to the desired response |
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Term
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Definition
1. reinforce the rat for being on the right side of the cage that has the lever
2. reinfoce rat for moving towards bar
3. reinforce the rat for rising in front of bar
4. reinforce rat for touching the bar
5. reinforce rat for touching lever with both paws
6. reinforce rat for exerting pressure on the bar
7. reinforce him only for the bar-press response |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcement is removed and behavior decreases |
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Term
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Definition
| operant response made under a certain circumstance |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the CS |
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Term
| primary vs secondary reinforcers |
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Definition
primary reinforcer: related to survival
secondary: associated with a primary reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
-secondary reinforcers that do not depend on a particular motivatinal state
ex: money |
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Term
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Definition
-secondary reinforcement
-situation in which one response brings the organism into contact with stimuli that reinforce that response and stimulate the next. |
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Term
| verbal behavior: categories |
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Definition
1. Mand: verbal command that specifies its own reinforcer. ex: "pass the salt"
2. tact: accurate naming of something. ex: child says "doll" while holding a doll and is reinforced
3. Echoic behavior: repeating something verbatim. |
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Term
| continuous reinforcement schedule |
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Definition
| -reinforces a desired response each time it occurs |
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Term
| fixed interval reinforcement schedule |
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Definition
| reinforces a response that is made only after a specified interval of time passes |
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Term
| Fixed ratio reinforcement schedule |
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Definition
| -reinforcement schedule that reinforced every nth response |
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Term
| variable ratio reinforcement schedule |
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Definition
| an average number of responses need to be made before reinforced |
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Term
| variable interval reinforcement |
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Definition
| -a certain average number of time is reinforced |
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Term
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Definition
-a certain resonse leads to a certain reinforcer
if response is not made, not reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
-organism seems to believe that a relationship between a random behavior + reward exist
ex: walking backwards and accidentally hitting a lever and receiving treat |
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Term
| noncontingent reinforcement |
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Definition
| -no relationship exists between a response and a reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
-give something it wants
- |
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Term
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Definition
| removing unpleasant stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| organism's response allows for it to escape unwanted/unpleasant stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| -engaging in certain behavior prevents an aversive event from occuring |
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