Term
|
Definition
New church constructed in Constantinople during reign of Justinian; later would become a mosque, then a museum
Significance: -cultural and religious site
-major architectural achievement
Analyze: -strong rule of Justinian stabilized government and created possibility of creating such a revolutionary building |
|
|
Term
Page 207
Belisarius
(c. 505-565) |
|
Definition
One of Justinian's most important military commanders during period of reconquest of western Europe; commanded in North Africa and Italy
Significance: -powerful military commander
-helped Justinian reconquer lands in western Europe
Analyze: -loyalty to ruler
-power/money |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople
Significance: -major military achievement
-protected Byzantium for period of time
Analyze: -wanted to protect Byzantine empire
-assert selves over Arabic invaders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Slavic Kingdom est. in northern portions of Balkan peninsula; constant source of pressure on Byzantine Empire; defeated by Emperor Basil II in 1014
Significance: -originally a threat to Byzantium
-Byzantine Emperor Basil defeated kingdom after long period of threats and territorial pressure
Analyze: -Byzantines bribed many Bulgarian rulers
-Basil blinded as many as 15,000 captives; Bulgarians submitted to empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An artistic representation, usually of a religious figure
Significance: -expression of culture and religion (mostly Christianity)
Analyze: -Introduction of Christianity inspired many artists, creating a new movement altogether |
|
|
Term
Page 214
Cyril and Methodius
(827-869; 826-885) |
|
Definition
Both missionaries sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russians and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic, known as Cyrillic
Significance: -creation of Cyrillic
-spread of Christianity in eastern Europe
Analyze: -sent by government
-missionaries desire to spread religion anyway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Trade city in southern Russia est. by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century
Significance:-founded by traders
-important trading site
-kingdom of Kievan Rus' emerged from area
Analyze: -trade = money = big city
-surpluses of food and goods allowed city to develop into monarchy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of first Russian kingdom based in Kiev in 855 CE
Significance: -cultural/mythological figure
-supposed founder of Kievan Rus'
Analyze: -poor historical evidence could cause the creation of fictional founders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The predecessor to modern Russia, Kieven Rus' was medieval state which existed form the end of the 9th to the middle of the 13th century. Its territory spanned parts of modern Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia
Significance: -founded on trade and regional growth
-relatively loose organization
Analyze: -trade = money; due to extensive trade with Byzantium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ruler of Russian kingdom of Kiev from 980 to 1015; converted kingdom to Christianity
Significance: -forced Christianity on citizens
-helped train literate priesthood
-led to Russian Orthodox church
Analyze: -wanted to spread Christianity and unite kingdom |
|
|
Term
Page 215
Russian Orthodoxy |
|
Definition
Russian form of Christianity imported from Byzantine empire and combined with local religion; king characteristically controlled major appointments
Significance: -similar to Chinese culture of combining church and state
-religion included both local and Byzantine beliefs
Analyze: -two very different cultures merging together caused the creation of a different Christian sect |
|
|
Term
Page 215
Yaroslav
(978-1054) |
|
Definition
Last of great Kievan monarchs; issued legal codification based on formal codes developed in Byzantium
Significance: -issued legal codification
-built many churches and arranged translation of religious literature from Greek to Slavic
Analyze: -much like Vladimir I; desired more organization in kingdom and religious unity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Russian aristocrats; possessed less political power than did their counterparts in western Europe
Significance: -Kievan princes had to negotiate with boyars
Analyze: -boyars often oversaw farmers and peasants; princes had to negotiate in order to collect taxes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievan state in 1236; left Russian Orthodoxy and aristocracy intact.
Significance: -separated Russian culture from rest of Europe
-religion and politics continued evolving
Analyze: -Tatars did not care how the Russians lived, so long as they paid taxes and did not rebel |
|
|
