Term
| What are the processes in which oxygen reaches the body tissues and cells? |
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Definition
| Breathing and circulation |
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Term
| Upper airway structures (in decending order) |
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Definition
| Nasopharynx, Nasal air passages, Pharynx, Oropharynx, Mouth, Epiglottis, Larynx |
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Term
| Lower airway structures (in decending order) |
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Definition
| Trachea, Bronchioles, Main Bronchus |
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Term
| millions of thin-walled, balloon0like sacs that serve as a site for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does gas exchange occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the theory of a secondary control of breathing, theory is that respiratory centers in the brain gradually accommodate to high levels of CO2. Seen in pts with COPD |
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Term
| The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (pulmonary respiration) the process of breathing fresh air into the respiratory system and exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which without adequate oxygen the cells do not completely convert glucose into energy and lactic acid and other toxins accumulate in the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| exchange of O2 and CO2 between the systemic circulatory system and the cells of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood stream |
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Term
| Describe the process our book gives us in causing hypercarbia. |
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Definition
| Medications can depress the central nervous system, lower the respiratory rate and tidal volume thus decreasing the overall minute volume as well as alveolar ventilation. Thus increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the respiratory and circulatory systems resulting in an overall increase of CO2 levels in the bloodstream. |
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Term
| Signs of adequate breathing |
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Definition
normal respiration rate (12-20 breaths/min)
regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation
clear and equal bilateral lung sounds
regular and equal chest rise and fall
adequate depth (tidal volume, 500 ml) |
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Term
| Signs of inadequate breathing |
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Definition
Respiratory rate of less than 12 breaths/min or more than 20 with shortness of breath
Irregular rhythm
Diminished, absent, or noisy breath sounds
Reduced flow of expired air at the nose and mouth
Unequal or inadequate chest expansion
Increased effort of breathing-using accessory muscles
Shallow depth
Hypoxic skin
Retractions |
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Term
| Cheyne-Stokes breathing patter characteristics are? |
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Definition
| Breathing is irregular followed by a period of apnea |
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Term
| When you come upon an unconscious pt what are the first 2 things you assess? |
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Definition
| pulse and adequate breathing |
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Term
| What is the most common airway obstruction in an unconscious pt? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the indications for an Oropharyngeal airway? |
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Definition
*unresponsive pt without a gag reflex
*any apneic pt being ventilated with a bag-mask device |
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Term
| Contraindications for the oral airway include.... |
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Definition
Conscious pt's
Any pt who has a gag reflex |
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Term
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Definition
| a protective reflex mechanism that prevents food and other particles from entering the airway. If you try to insert an oral airway in a pt with an intact gag reflex, the result may be vomiting or a spasm of the vocal chords |
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Term
| Normal respiratory rates for an adult, child and infant |
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Definition
Adult 12-20
Children 15-30
Infant 25-50 |
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Term
| What considerations should be taken when dealing with a pt that has sustained sever head or face trauma when placing a nasopharyngeal airway? |
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Definition
| Consult medical control. If the nasal airway is accidently pushed through a hole caused by a fracture of the base of the skull it may penetrate into the brain. |
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Term
| Indications for the nasopharyngeal airway include... |
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Definition
Semiconsious or unconscious pts with an intact gag reflex
Pt's who otherwise will not tolerate an oralpharyngeal airway |
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Term
| Contraindications for a nasopharyngeal airway include... |
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Definition
Severe head injury with blood draining from the nose
Hx of fractured nasal bone |
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Term
| What is an indication that a pt needs suctioning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you do to clear the airway when a pt has secretions or vomitus that cannot be suctioned out such as teeth or food? |
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Definition
| Roll the pt on to the side and then clear the mouth carefully with your gloved finger. |
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Term
| When a pt requires assisted ventilations how long do you suction them and then re-ventilate before suctioning again? |
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Definition
| Suction an Adult 15 sec, child 10 and infant 5 and ventilate for 2 minutes |
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Term
| What is the most common size of oxygen cylinder carried on an ambulance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Safe residual pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what psi should a cylinder be removed from service? |
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Definition
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Term
| List from most to least efficient the devices for ventilation. |
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Definition
1. Mouth to mask with O2
2. Two rescuer bag, valve, mask with O2
3. Flow restrictive
4. 1 rescuer bag, valve, mask with O2 |
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Term
| When is humidification used with oxygen therapy? |
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Definition
| For long-term oxygen therapy |
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Term
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Definition
Adult 1 breath every 5-6 sec
Child 1 breath every 3-5 sec
Infant 1 breath per 3-5 sec |
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Term
| Pressures that are too great in the lungs can cause a what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
automatic transport ventilator
a manually triggered ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilations to be set. |
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Term
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Definition
Continuous positive airway pressure
a noninvasive means of providing ventilator support for pts experiencing respiratory distress |
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Term
| When is CPAP indicated for pts? |
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Definition
| When they are experiencing respiratory distress in which their own compensatory mechanisms are not enough to keep up with their oxygen demands |
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Term
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Definition
* Pt is alert and able to follow commands
* Pt is displaying obvious signs of moderate to severe respiratory distress such as accessory muscle use or tripod position
* Pt is breathing rapidly (greater than 26 breaths/min)
* Pulse Ox reading is less than 90% |
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Term
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Definition
| occasional gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped |
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Term
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Definition
| absence of spontanteous breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| introduction of vomit or other foreign material into the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| a protective item such as a pocket mask with a valve that limits exposure to a pt's body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| point at which the trachea bifurcates into the eft and right mainstem bronchi |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which air fills the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| dangerous condition in which the body tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the larynx is also call the? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tidal volume (minus dead space)+ respiratory rate |
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Term
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Definition
| open, clear of obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of air in the pleural space |
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Term
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Definition
| high-pitched noise heard primarily on inspiration and it occurs in the upper airway |
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Term
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Definition
| air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the production of whistling sounds during expirations such as occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis |
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Term
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Definition
| opening through the sin and into and organ or other structure; a stoma in the neck connects the trachea directly into the skin |
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