Term
| What problems were faced by the Spanish in maintaining their colonial empire? |
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Definition
- efforts on the part of the U.S. to illegally trade in California
- new outposts established by the Russians in Spanish California
- conspiracies to revolt against Spanish control by creoles in New Spain
- Americans in roads on trade along the Mississippi River and the port at New Orleans |
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Term
| What characterized Russian expansion into Alaska? |
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Definition
- abuse of the Aleut people including taking furs by force
- intermarriage between Aleuts and Russians creating a large group of Russian creoles
- overhunting and a subsequent decline in availibilty of furs in some regions
-an extension of Russian's conquest of Syberia drive by fur trade |
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Term
| What were the most important urban center in the U.S. in 1800? |
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Definition
| Philadelphia, Baltimore, Charleston, Boston, New York |
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Term
| To whom does the term subsistence farmers refer? |
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Definition
-Kentucky frontiersman who raised corn and hogs
-Pennsylvania farmer who raised beans and potatos
-New England farmer who raised apples and savash
-Indiana territory frontiersman who raised cherry and asparagus |
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Term
| How did the French Revolution aid the American economy? |
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Definition
-It allowed American shippers to profit for re-export Europeans goods
-It stimulated the growth of U.S. coastal cities
-It gave Americans the opportunity to enter the China trade
-It inspired farmers to produce more food to feed new urban dwellers |
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Term
| What products were imported into the U.S. from China? |
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Definition
| Among the products imported in to the U.S. from China were tea and silk. |
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Term
| To what does the term "Flower of American Shipbuilding" refer? |
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Definition
| The "Flower of American Shipbuilding" was the clippership. |
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Term
| Why was Jefferson's inauguration important in American history? |
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Definition
| Because it marked the peaceful change of power from one political party to another. |
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Term
| Why did Jefferson advocate a policy of national expansion? |
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Definition
-A growing country would offer opportunities for all
-Having vast amounts of land would counter Malthus's theory of population
-A republics necessary concern of the public good would come with a society of yeoman farmers
-A large amounts of land would offer the most citizen's life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness |
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Term
| What did expansionism involve? |
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Definition
-Land hunger and ruthless treatment of Indian peoples
-A belief in new horizons and little concern in environmental damage
-The spread of plantations and the need for slavery
-The lure of the western lands fostering constant mobility and dissatisfaction |
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Term
| Why did Jefferson succeed in reducing the cost of the federal government? |
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Definition
| Most of the responsibilities and costs were at the state and local government. |
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Term
| What helped Jefferson achieve his goal of reducing the size of the government? |
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Definition
-He cut the size of the army and the navy
-He eliminated or cut many taxes (whiskey tax)
-He paid down the national debt
-He reduced the government staff |
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Term
| What was the case of Marbury v. Madison important? |
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Definition
| It established the principle of judicial review. |
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Term
| Why did Napoleon sell the Louisana Territory to the U.S.? |
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Definition
| Because his army in Haiti had been defeated. |
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Term
| How did Jefferson explain buying the Louisana Territory? |
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Definition
| He argued that the land would ensure liberty and the existence of the republic. |
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Term
| Why did New Orleans and the Lower Louisana Territory continue to have a French flavor after 1803? |
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Definition
| Because Louisiana in 1808 adopted a legal code based on French civil law. |
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Term
| How was the mixed population of New Orleans able to retain a measure of the rights and freedoms it enjoyed under French law after 1803? |
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Definition
| Because France, in the final treaty of sale, stimulated such protections. (free African Americans) |
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Term
| How did the revolution to free Mexico from Spain begin? |
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Definition
| It began with the populist revolt of Father Hidalgo. |
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Term
| What does the map featuring the Louisana Purchase show that the Lewis and Clark expedition did? |
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Definition
-The expedition went beyond the Louisiana Purchase and lay a claim to the Pacific Coast
-Dispelled the idea that an easy route across the continent existed
-Established Fort Clatsop on the Pacific Coast
-Launched contact with the Mandan villages |
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Term
| How did the U.S. argue that its neutral rights were being violated? |
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Definition
-By the impressment of ??
-By seizure of American ships carrying French goods to France
-By British ships opening fire on U.S. navy vessels
-By the policy of once a British subject, always a British subject |
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Term
| How could the Embargo Act be characterized? |
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Definition
The Embargo Act was an extreme effort that hurt the Americans more than the Europeans.
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Term
| What economic meausres were used by Jefferson and Madison to try to stop Britain and France from interfering with the neutral rights of the U.S.? |
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Definition
| The Non-Importation Act, Macon's Bill #2, Non-Intercourse Act |
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Term
| What was Jefferson's Indian policy like? |
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Definition
| Jefferson's Indian policy was a well-intentioned but destructive offer to remove Indians. |
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Term
| Why did Tecumseh reject treaties? |
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Definition
| Because all land belonged to all Indian's peoples and no one can give away common property of all. |
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Term
| What resulted from the battle of Tippecanoe? |
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Definition
| The Battle of Tippecanoe made William Henry Harrison a hero to White Americans. |
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Term
| What did the Indian reaction to the treaties negotiated by William Henry Harrison between 1801 and 1809 show? |
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Definition
| That Harrison would use methods such as coercism and bribes to obtain land. |
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Term
| What does the map of Indian resistence from 1790 to 1816 show? |
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Definition
| That the Indians ceded much of Illinois and Missouri even as Tecumseh counseled resistence. |
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Term
| What did the War Hawks want to do? |
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Definition
| The War Hawks wanted to stop impressment occupying Florida. |
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Term
| Why did the American attacks on Canada during the War of 1812 fail? |
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Definition
Americans effort to capture Canada failed due to:
-New England opposition
-The strength of the British-Indian forces
-The resistance of Canadians |
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Term
| What resulted from the war against the southern Indian peoples during the War of 1812? |
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Definition
| The war against the southern Indian peoples during the War of 1812 ended in the loss of over half off the creeks' lands. |
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Term
| What did the Treaty of Ghent settle? |
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Definition
| The Treaty of Ghent ended the war without addressing the major grievances, but the British did agree to evacuate the western forts. |
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Term
| What did the major migration routes westward show? |
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Definition
| The major migration routes westward show that each section of the country had its own route to the West. |
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Term
| After 1815 why did many people soon move west of the Applachians? |
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Definition
-Congress lowered the price of land
-The nation's population nearly doubled between 1800-1820
-Indiana peoples suffered defeat and loss of land as result of War of 1812
-Congress lowered the minimum land purchased to 80 acres |
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Term
| What did the Land Act of 1820 do? |
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Definition
| The Land Act of 1820 set the price of land at $1.25 an acre; 80 acres minimum |
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Term
| What did the four major routes west do? |
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Definition
| The four major routes west kept the regional cultures largely separated and distinct. |
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Term
| Of what is the Western Reserve a good example? |
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Definition
| The Western Reserve is a good example of how New England culture was transferred to Northern Ohio. |
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Term
| What does the Monroe's adoption of the American system in 1816 show? |
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Definition
| That both parties had accepted the idea that the government should promote economic growth. |
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Term
| What does the fact that the Second Bank of the U.S. was chartered show? |
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Definition
| The commercial interests had become much stronger |
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Term
| What made possible the "Era of Good Feelings"? |
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Definition
-The virtual disappearance of the Federalist Part by 1820
-The Tariff of 1816, which was the first substantial protective tariff in America
-Widespread support in Congress for the American system
-Strong interest in westward expansion and national development after 1815 |
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Term
| What was the Adams-Onis Treaty? |
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Definition
| The Adams-Onis Treaty drew the border with Spanish territory to the Pacific. (Transcontinental Treaty renamed) |
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Term
| What did John Quincy Adams do as Secretary of State? |
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Definition
-He arranged for the southern border of Alaska
-He warned the Europeans not to interfere in the Americas
-He gave the U.S. a clearer claim to being a transcontinental country
-He led the U.S. to recognize the independence of Spain's formal colonies in Latin America |
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Term
| What did the Monroe Doctrine do? |
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Definition
-Declared that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization
-Announced that the U.S. would not interfere in the affairs of European Nations
-Warned against European interference of the the affairs of American Nations
-Proclaimed that intervention by European powers in the Americas would be a danger to peace and safety |
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Term
| What resulted from the Panic of 1819? |
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Definition
| The Panic of 1819 produced resentments that Andrew Jackson later took advantage of. |
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Term
| What were the causes of the Panic of 1819? |
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Definition
-Speculative land sales
-Inflationary policies by state banks
-Dumping by British manufacturers
-Lowered international demand for American foodstuffs |
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Term
| What did the Missouri Compromise allow the South to do? |
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Definition
| The Missouri Compromise allowed the South to protect its interest in the Senate. |
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Term
| What does the map of the U.S. at the time of the Missouri Compromise show? |
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Definition
| That, expect for Missouri, slavery would not be allowed in the territories North of 36° 30'. (Louisana Purchase) |
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