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chapter 9
ap human
29
Geography
9th Grade
12/08/2008

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Term
the romance languages of today are derived from what language?
Definition
latin
Term
the first language spoken by Homo Sapiens, perhaps as long as 200,000 years ago was?
Definition
Moiner Tongue
Term
the language in which ancient Indian religious and literary texts were written was?
Definition
sunskrit
Term
the predecessor of Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit was?
Definition
proto-indo european
Term
according to the conquest theory, the Proto-indo european homeland lies somewhere north of the?
Definition
black sea
Term
according to the agricultural hypothesis of the spread of the proto-indo european language, the source region for proto-indo european is?
Definition
turkey
Term
if the agricultural hypthesis of the spread of the proto-indo european language is correct, it would mean that the agricultural frontier advanced every generation approximatley how far?
Definition
11 miles
Term
while many scholars have investigated ancient languages, scholars from one country in particular have been in the forefront of such research. This country is?
Definition
russia
Term
this is the ancestral language for what other language families?
Definition
proto-indo european
Term
two russian scholars have established the core of what they belive is a pre-proto-indo european language named?
Definition
nostratic
Term
the current language map of the americas is dominated by what language family?
Definition
indo-european
Term
estimates of the maximum size of the pre-columbian population of the americas put the figure at?
Definition
40 million
Term
while some 40 languages families have been reconized in the Old World, how many Native American language famalies have been identified?
Definition
200
Term
linguist joseph greenberg proposes that there are only 3 what?
Definition
indiggenous american language families
Term
the oldest, largest, and most widely distributed of the indigenous american language families proposed by Joseph Greenberg is?
Definition
amerind
Term
the ultimate resolution to the problem of american language families will come from?
Definition
careful reconstruction of individual languages
Term
given the modest numbers of pre-columbian peoples in the americas and their recent arrival, one would assume that the linguistic situation should be fairly simple because:
Definition
there were no pre exsisting peoples to be absorbed nd no life ways to be transformed
Term
an ancestral languages gave rise to the Austro-Tai family of languages and out of this family arose
Definition
austronesian
Term
language dispersal in europe west of the russian plains was long supported by a majority of archeologist, linguist, and human geographers
Definition
conquest theory
Term
if it is possible to deduce a large part of the vocab of on excint language, it may feasible to go even further and re-create the language that preceded it. this technnique is?
Definition
deep reconstruction
Term
family of languages, who are still concetrated along arctic and near artic shores. last speakers to arive in north america
Definition
eskimo aleut
Term
was a discrete malayo-polynesian offshoot
Definition
fijian
Term
the basis process of language formation over time and space
Definition
language divergence
Term
lagnuages of traditional, numerically smaller, and technologically less advanced peoples have been replaced, or greatly modified, by the languages of invaders
Definition
language replacement
Term
caused long-isolated languages to make contact
Definition
language convergence
Term
the nest oldest, next largests, but much less widley diffused family
Definition
na-dene
Term
the diversificatin of languages has long been charted through analysis of?
Definition
sound shifts
Term
opposed to the conquest theory
Definition
agriculture theory
Term
in New Zealand, Maori people speak this language
Definition
polynesian
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