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Definition
| An Electrical potential recorded from an electrode placed on or in a muscle. |
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Definition
| An electrical potential from the eyes, recorded by means of electrodes placed on the skin around them; detects eye movements. |
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Definition
| Smooth electrical activity of 8-12Hz recorded from the brain; generally associated with a state of relaxation. |
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Definition
| Irregular electrical activity of 13-30Hz recorded from the brain; generally associated with a state of arousal. |
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Definition
| Many different neural circuits in the brain are actively processing information. |
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Definition
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| Contains sleep spindles and k complex |
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Definition
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Definition
| Contains Theta and Beta activity |
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Definition
| EEG activity of 2.5-7.5 Hz that occurs intermittently during early stages of slow wave sleep and REM sleep. - hypnic jerks |
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Definition
| Regular synchronous electrical activity of less than 4Hz recorded from the brain; occurs during the deepest stages of slow-wave sleep. |
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Definition
| A period of desynchronized EEG activity during sleep, at which time dreaming, rapid eye movements, and muscular paralysis occur; also called paradoxical sleep. - loss of muscle tone- |
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Definition
-EEG desyncrhony
-lack of muscle tones
-rapid eye movements
-penile eye movements or vaginal secretion
-dreams |
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Definition
-EEG synchrony
-Moderate muscle tone
-slow or absent eye movements
-lack of genital activity |
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Definition
| Low activity in this region during REM; reflects the lack of organization and planning that occur in dreams. |
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Definition
| High activity in this region during REM; reflects visual hallucinations during dreaming |
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Definition
| Low activity in this region during REM due to lack of visual input. |
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Definition
| An awareness that they are dreaming and are not awake |
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Definition
| A fatal inherited disorder characterized by progressive insomnia. |
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Definition
| The increased frequency or intensity of a phenomenon after it has been temporary suppressed: for example, the increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation. |
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Definition
| A neuromodulator that is released by neurons engaging in high levels of metabolic activity; may play a primary role in the initiation of sleep. |
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Term
| Neocortex and Hippocampus |
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Definition
| ACh levels are high in these regions during waking and REM sleep. |
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Definition
| A dark-colored group of noradrenergic cell bodies located in the pons near the rostral end of the floor of the fourth ventricle; involved in arousal and vigilance. |
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Definition
| A group of nuclei located in the reticular formation of the medulla, pons, and midbrain, situated along the midline; contain serotonergic neurons. |
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Definition
| A neuortransmitter synthesized from the amino acid histidine; plays an important role in maintenance of wakefullness and arousal. |
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Term
| Tubermammillary Nucleus (TMN) |
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Definition
| A nucleus in the ventral posterior hypothalamaus, just rostral to the mammillary bodies; contains histaminergic neurons involved in cerebral activation and behavioral arousal. |
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Definition
| High levels during waking and low during slow-wave and REM sleep. |
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Term
| Increase cortical activation and arousal directly |
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Definition
| Projections to the cerebral cortex of histamine. |
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Term
| Increase cortical activation indirectly by releasing ACh. |
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Definition
| Projections to the basal forebrain and dorsal pons |
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Definition
| Peptide neurotransmitter that is secreted by the lateral hypothalamus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Projected to cerebral cortex, locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, tubemammillary nucleus, ad acetylcholinerigc neruons, dorsal pons and basal forebrain. |
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Definition
| If we go without sleep for a long time, we will eventually become sleepy. |
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Definition
| When we are being threatened by a dangerous situation or when we are dehydrated and are looking for some water to drink. |
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Term
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Definition
| Time of day factors, tend to restrict our period of sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anterior hypothalamus - the area most involved in sleep. |
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Term
| Ventrolateral preoptic area (vlPOA) |
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Definition
| A group of GABAergic neurons int he preotpic area whose activity suppresses alertness and behavioral arousal and promotes sleep. |
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Term
| Sublateral Dorsal Nucleaus (SLD) |
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Definition
| A region of the dorsal pons, just ventral to the locus coeruleus that contains REM-ON neurons; part of the REM flip-flop. |
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Term
| Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray Matter (vlPAG) |
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Definition
| A region of the dorsal midbrain that contains REM-OFF neurons, part of the REM flip-flop. |
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Definition
| Characterized as difficultly falling asleep after going to bed or after awakening during the night. |
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Definition
| An inability to sleep due to another mental or physical condition such as pain, substance use, or a psychological or neurological condition. |
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Definition
| Cessation of breathing while sleeping for at least 10 seconds. |
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Definition
| A sleep disorder characterized by periods of irresistible sleep, attacks or cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hynagogic hallucinations. |
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Term
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Definition
| A symptom of narcolepsy; an irresisible urge to sleep during the day, after which the person awakens feeling refreshed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs during waking. |
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Term
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Definition
| A symptom of narcolepsy; paralysis occurring just before a person falls asleep. |
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Term
| Hypnogogic Hallucinations |
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Definition
| A symptom of narcolepsy; vivid dreams that occur just before a person falls asleep; accompanied by sleep paralysis. |
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Term
| REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) |
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Definition
| A neurological disorder in which the person does not become paralyzed during REM sleep and thus acts out dreams. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Sleep-related eating diosrder |
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Definition
| A disorder in which the person leaves his or her bed and seeks out and eats food while sleep-walking, usually without a memory for the episode the next day. |
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Definition
| A daily rhythmical change in behavior or physiological process. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus (usually the light of dawn) that resets the biological clock that is responsible for circadian rhythms. |
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Term
| Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) |
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Definition
| A nucleus situated atop the optic chiasm. It contains a biological clock that is responsible for organizing many of the bod's circadian rhythms. - hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| A photopigment present in ganglion cells in the retina whose axons transmit information to the SCN, the thalamus, and the olviary pretectal nuclei. |
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Term
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Definition
| A 4-hour advance in rhythms of sleep and temperature cycles, apparently caused by a mutation of a gene (per2) involved in the rhythmicity of neurons of the SCN |
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Term
| Delayed sleep phase syndrome |
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Definition
| A 4-hour delay in rhythms of sleep and temperature cycles, possibly caused by a mutation of a gene (per3) involved in the rhythmicity of neurons of the SCN |
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Term
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Definition
| A gland attached to the dorsal tectum; produces melatonin and plays a role in circulation and seasonal rhythms. |
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Definition
| A hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; plays a role in circadian and seasonal rhythms - response from SCN |
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