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Chapter 9
Skeletal Muscle
16
Biology
Undergraduate 1
12/06/2007

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Term
Skeletal Muscle
Definition
striated in appearance, usually attached to bones, almost all is voluntary control
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
not striated, found in walls of hollow organs, almost all is involuntary control
ex. urinary bladder
Term
Cardiac Muscle
Definition

striated in appearance but not so markedly

the heart 

Term
Actin-myofilament
protein strand
Definition

thin filament composed of globular protein linked together to form a double filamnet

1. tropomyosin-filament that lies in the groove and covers part of the actin filament

2.  troponin-protein attached to tropomyosin

3.  myosin-thick filament head and neck attached to tail...heads facing inward

Term
Myofibrils-myofilaments
Definition

bundles of filaments arranged so that all of the actin and myosin filaments line up forming alternating bands

1.  I band-isotropic band

2. A-Band antisotropic band

3. titan bands

Term
Muscle Fibers
Definition
contains bundles of myofibrils
Term
composition of muscle fiber
Definition

1.Sarcolemma-membrane around the structure

2.Nuclei-may have hundreds

3.Mitochondria-generate ATP using oxygen

4.sarcoplasmic reticulum-longitudinal tubular system with cross connections

5.T-tubules-extend transversly across the fiber continuous with sarcolemma

 

-myofilaments

-myofibrils

-muscle fibers

-fascicle

-whole muscle 

Term
Connective tissue layers of skeletal muscle
Definition

endomysium-mostly reticular fibers, covers skeletal muscle channels blood capillaries

perimysium-collagen and elastic fibers that surround each fassicle, channel for large blood vessels and nerves

epimysium-dense irregular CT, surrounding whole muscle, connected to deep fascia

 

Term
tendons
Definition
attaches muscles to bones
Term
aponeuroses
Definition
flat sheets of thickened tendons
Term
nerve
Definition
a bundle of neurons plus CT
Term
Muscle Contraction
Definition

-neurotransmitter molecules released fom presynaptic neuron

-diffuse to end plate

-bind and activate molecular receptors

-activated receptors initiate an electrical event spreads over sarcolemma and down the t tubules

-releases Ca

-Ca binds to troponin

-tropomyosin moves allowing myosin heads to bind to actin and pull inward

-Ca falls and everything goes back to normal

Term
White muscle fibers
Definition

have ability to contract quickly

fatigue quickly

Term
red muscle fibers
Definition

contract slowly

can stay contracted for a long period of time

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