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| The perspective of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. |
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| A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. |
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| The processing of information into the memory system - for example, by extracting meaning. |
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| The retention of encoded information over time. |
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| The process of getting information out of memory storage. |
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| The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. |
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| Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten. |
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| The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. |
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| A newer understanding of short-term memory that involved conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. |
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| Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequently, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings. |
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| Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. |
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| The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. |
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| The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is acheived through massed study or practice. |
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| Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list. |
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| The encoding of picture images. |
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| The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words. |
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| The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words. |
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| Mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding. |
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| Memory aids, espeically those techniques that use vivd imagery and organizational devices. |
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| Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. |
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| A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. |
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| A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention if elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds. |
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| An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory. |
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| Retention independent of conscious recollection (also called procedural memory). |
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| Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare" (also called declarative memory). |
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| A neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage. |
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| A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test. |
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| A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a mulitple-choice test. |
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| A memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time. |
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| The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory. |
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| That eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience. |
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| The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. |
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| The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. |
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| The distruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. |
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| In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories. |
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Definition
| Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. |
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| Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. At the heart of many false memories. |
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