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Chapter 9
How cells reproduce
23
Biology
12th Grade
02/14/2013

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Term
Mitosis
Definition
A nuclear division mechanism that occurs in the somatic cells of multi-celled eukaryotes.
Term
Meiosis
Definition
a nuclear division mechanism that precedes the formations of gametes or spores, and is the basis of sexual reproduction.
Term
Sister chromatids
Definition
one of the two attached member of a duplicated eukaryotic chromosome
Term
Histones
Definition
Type of protein that structurally organizes eukaryotic chromosomes, part of nucleosomes
Term
Nucleosome
Definition
Smallest unit of structural organization in eukaryotic chromosomes; a length of DNA wound twice around a spool of histone proteins
Term
Centromere
Definition
Constricted regin in a eukaryotic chromosome where sister chromatids are attached
Term
DNA Replication
Definition
Process by which a cell duplicates its DNA before it divides
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
A series of events from the time a cell forms until is reproduces
Term
Interphase
Definition
In a eukaryotic cell cycle, the interval between mitotic divisions when a cell grows in mass; roughly doubles the number of its cytoplasmic components and replicates its DNA
Term
Chromosome number
Definition
The sum of all chromosomes in a cell of a given type
Term
Bipolar spindle
Definition
In a eukaryotic cell a dynamically assembled and disassembled array of microtubules that moves chromosome during mitosis or meiosis
Term
Prophase
Definition
the first stage of mitosis where the chromosomes condense and become visible in micrographs
Term
Metaphase
Definition
the second stage of mitosis, where the spindles have aligned with the chromosomes in the midpoint of the cell
Term
Anaphase
Definition
the third stage of mitosis, where each chromosome moved toward opposite spindle poles
Term
Telophase
Definition
the last stage of mitosis, where the chromosomes reach the spindle poles and a nuclear envelope occurs.
Term
Cytokenesis
Definition
the cells cytoplasm divides
Term
Contractile ring
Definition
a band of filaments that are anchored to the plasma membrane
Term
Cell plate
Definition
Vesicles and their wall building contents start to fuse into a disk shape
Term
growth factors
Definition
checkpoint genes that are also activation genes
Term
Tumor
Definition
when all checkpoints mechanisms fail, a cell loses control over its cell cycle, an abnormal mass
Term
Neoplasms
Definition
Moles and other tumors
Term
Cancer
Definition
occurs when the abnormally dividing cells of a malignant neoplasm disrupt body tissue and physically and metabolically.
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