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Definition
| catabolic process; a partial degradation of sugars that occurs withouout the help of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel |
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Term
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Definition
| electron transfers from one reactant to another |
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Definition
| loss of electrons from one substance in a redox reaction |
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Definition
| the addition of electrons to another substance |
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Term
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Definition
| coenzyme; (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks the fall of electrons to oxygen into several energy-releasing steps instead of one explosive reaction |
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Definition
| begins the degradation by breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate |
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Definition
| takes place within the mitochondrial matrix; completes the joby by decomposing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide |
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Term
| oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
| ATP synthesis powered by the redox reactions that transfer electrons from food to oxygen |
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Term
| substrate-level phosphorylation |
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Definition
| ATP synthesis that occurs when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP |
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Term
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Definition
| entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attatched to a coenzyme |
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Definition
| most of the remaining protein electron carriers between Q and oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| protein complex; enzyme that actually makes ATP |
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Definition
| production of ATP using the energy of hydrogen-ion gradients across membranes to phosphorylate ADP; powers most ATP synthesis in cells |
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Definition
| potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient; generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during cheiosmosis |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps |
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Term
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Definition
| pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate as a waste product, with no release of CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to make enough ATP to survive by either fermentation or respiration |
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