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Chapter 9
Social Institutions: Education, Government, and the Economy
20
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
04/22/2013

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Term
politics
Definition
the struggle for authority and power
Term
power
Definition
the ability to exercise one's will over others
Term
force
Definition
the actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others
Term
Influence
Definition
the exercise of power through a process of persuasion
Term
authority
Definition
power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised
Term
rational-legal authority
Definition
power made legitimate by law or written rules
Term
charismatic authority
Definition
power made legitimate by a leader's exceptional personal or emtional appeal to his or her followers
Term
traditional authority
Definition
legitimate power is conferred by custom and accepted practice
Term
elite model
Definition
society is ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests
Term
power elite
Definition
power rested in the hands of a few, both inside and outside government
Term
pluralist model
Definition
many competing groups within the community have access to government officials, so that no single group is dominant
Term
economic system
Definition
producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services will depend on both its level of development and its political ideologies
Term
capitalism
Definition
an economic system in which the means of production are held largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economice activity is the accumulation of profits
Term
laissez-faire
Definition
idea by Adam Smith, meaning "let them do". Businesses could compete freely, with minimal government intervention
Term
monopoly
Definition
a single business firm controls the market
Term
socialism
Definition
means of production and distribution in a society are collectively rather than privately owned
Term
communism
Definition
an economic system in which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce
Term
Microfinancing
Definition
lending small sums of money to the poor so they can work their way out of poverty
Term
deindustrialization
Definition
the systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity, such as factories and plants
Term
downsizing
Definition
conflict perspective.the reductions taken in a company's workforce as part of deindustrialization
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