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Chapter 9
Race
36
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
10/22/2012

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Term
Race
Definition
a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics
Term
ethnic group
Definition
shares unique cultural traits and a sense of community
ascribed membership from birth
Term
dominant group
Definition
one that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in society
Term
subordinate group
Definition
one whose members are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group
Term
prejudice
Definition
negative attitude based on generalizations of a certain race or ethnicity
Term
racism
Definition
set of attitudes, beliefs used to justify the superior treatment of one racial group
Term
ethnocentrism
Definition
belief one own culture is the best or standard
Term
stereotypes
Definition
overgeneralizations about appearance, behavior or other characteristics
Term
Merton's Theory of prejudice
Definition
someone can be prejudice but not use discrimination and also can discriminate without prejudice
Term
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Definition
people who are frustrated in their efforts to achieve a highly desired goal will respond with a pattern of aggression towards others- scapegoat
Term
Authoritarian Personality
Definition
characterized by excessive conformity, a high level of superstition and rigid stereotype thinking ex. Koreans vs. blacks
Term
5 main characteristic of ethnic groups
Definition
-unique cultural traits
-sense of community
-ethnocentricism
-ascribed membership from birth
-territoriality
Term
individual (isolate) discrimination
Definition
one to one acts of discrimination that harm subordinate group
Term
institutional discrimination
Definition
consists of day to day practices of organizations that harm subordinate groups
Term
small group discrimination
Definition
discrimination by small group example students against their professor
Term
direct institutionalized discriminiation
Definition
organizationally prescribed discrimination such as store owners not serving a certain race
Term
indirect institutionalized discrimination
Definition
example: special education classes
Term
Contact Hypothesis
Definition
Symbolic Interaction- people will get along with others as long as contact includes:
1- equal status
2- pursue same goals
3- cooperate to obtain goals
4- receive positive feedback
Term
Assimilation
Definition
Functionalist
process by which subordinate groups adapt dominant culture
Term
Cultural assimilation
Definition
accultration- adopt culture
Term
structural assimilation
Definition
integration-gain acceptance in everyday social interaction
Term
biological assimilation
Definition
amalgamation-members of one group marry members of other groups
Term
psychological assimilation
Definition
change in racial or ethnic self identification
Term
ethnic pluralism
Definition
functionalist
coexistance of a variety of ethnic groups in one area
Term
equalitarian pluralism
Definition
accomodation-ethic groups coexist in equality with one another
Term
segregation
Definition
inequalitarian pluralism- special/social separation of categories of people by race, ethnicity, class or gender
Term
de jure
Definition
segregation by law
Term
de facto
Definition
by custom
Term
caste perspective
Definition
conflict
racial and ethnic inequality is permanent in society
Term
antimiscgenation laws
Definition
prohibited sex or marriage between races put down in 1967
Term
class perspective
Definition
conflict
looked at capitalist class and how they exploited the working class
Term
internal colonialism
Definition
conflict
memebers of a group are conquered and are forced under economic/political rule of dominant group
Term
split labor market theory
Definition
conflict
division of economy into 2 areas primary and secondary sectors
Term
racial formation
Definition
actions of government substantionaly define racial relations in the U.S.
Term
Critical Race Theory
Definition
laws may remedy overt discrimination but have little effect on subtle racism
Term
interest covergence
Definition
required for social change
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