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a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics |
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shares unique cultural traits and a sense of community ascribed membership from birth |
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one that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in society |
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one whose members are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group |
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negative attitude based on generalizations of a certain race or ethnicity |
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set of attitudes, beliefs used to justify the superior treatment of one racial group |
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belief one own culture is the best or standard |
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overgeneralizations about appearance, behavior or other characteristics |
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Merton's Theory of prejudice |
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someone can be prejudice but not use discrimination and also can discriminate without prejudice |
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Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis |
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people who are frustrated in their efforts to achieve a highly desired goal will respond with a pattern of aggression towards others- scapegoat |
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Authoritarian Personality |
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characterized by excessive conformity, a high level of superstition and rigid stereotype thinking ex. Koreans vs. blacks |
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5 main characteristic of ethnic groups |
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-unique cultural traits -sense of community -ethnocentricism -ascribed membership from birth -territoriality |
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individual (isolate) discrimination |
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one to one acts of discrimination that harm subordinate group |
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institutional discrimination |
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consists of day to day practices of organizations that harm subordinate groups |
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small group discrimination |
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discrimination by small group example students against their professor |
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direct institutionalized discriminiation |
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organizationally prescribed discrimination such as store owners not serving a certain race |
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indirect institutionalized discrimination |
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example: special education classes |
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Symbolic Interaction- people will get along with others as long as contact includes: 1- equal status 2- pursue same goals 3- cooperate to obtain goals 4- receive positive feedback |
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Functionalist process by which subordinate groups adapt dominant culture |
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accultration- adopt culture |
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integration-gain acceptance in everyday social interaction |
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amalgamation-members of one group marry members of other groups |
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psychological assimilation |
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change in racial or ethnic self identification |
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functionalist coexistance of a variety of ethnic groups in one area |
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accomodation-ethic groups coexist in equality with one another |
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inequalitarian pluralism- special/social separation of categories of people by race, ethnicity, class or gender |
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conflict racial and ethnic inequality is permanent in society |
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prohibited sex or marriage between races put down in 1967 |
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conflict looked at capitalist class and how they exploited the working class |
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conflict memebers of a group are conquered and are forced under economic/political rule of dominant group |
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split labor market theory |
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conflict division of economy into 2 areas primary and secondary sectors |
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actions of government substantionaly define racial relations in the U.S. |
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laws may remedy overt discrimination but have little effect on subtle racism |
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required for social change |
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