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Definition
| Electrochemical changes that allow neurons to communicate, both with eachother and cells outside the nervous system. |
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| Extensions that send information in the form of nerve impulses, usually only one. |
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| Provide physical support, insulation, and nutrients for neurons. |
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Term
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| (CNS) Composed of the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System* |
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Definition
| (PNS) Composed of the nerves that connect the central nervous system to the other body parts. |
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Definition
| Controls voluntary skeletal muscle. |
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| Controls involuntary cardiac and smooth muscle, and various glands. |
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Definition
| Microglial Cells, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Ependymal Cells. |
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Definition
| Support neurons and phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris, and form scars. Found throughout central nervous system. |
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| Provide insulating layers of myelin, myelin sheath, aroudn axons within the brain and spinal cord. Found aligned along nerve fibers. |
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Definition
| Provide structural support, join parts, and help regulate concentrations of nutrients and ions in the tissue. Also form scar tissue for the CNS. Found between neurons and blood vessels. |
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Definition
| Membrane that covers specialized brain parts and form the inner linings that enclose spaces in the brain and spinal cord. |
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Definition
| Located in the peripheral nervous system, produce a myelin sheath around axons of myelinated neurons. |
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Term
| Classification of Neurons* |
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Definition
| Multipolar Neurons, Bipolar Neurons, and Unipolar Neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Short and highly branched, neuron's main receptive surfaces with which axons from other neurons communicate. |
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Definition
| Many processes, only one process of each neuron is an axon, the rest are dendrites. Found within brain or spinal cord. |
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Definition
| Only two processes, one from each end of the cell body. One is an axon and the other a dendrite. Found in specialized parts of the eyes, nose, and ears. |
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Definition
| Single process from cell body divides into two branches that function as one axon. Branch one is associated with dendrites, branch two enters the brain or spinal cord, which is where theses neurons can be found. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmit nerve impulses from the outside into the brain or spinal cord. They use either specialized receptor ends or receptor cells to detect changes inside and outside the body. Most are unipolar, some are bipolar. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmit between neurons in the brain or spinal cord. Multipolar. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmit from the brain or spinal cord to the outside. Multipolar. |
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Definition
| The junction between any two communicating neurons. |
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Definition
| Axons that originate from different parts of the nervous system but end up leading to the same neuron. |
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Definition
| When one axon stimulates two others, which then affect multiple others. |
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| Layered membranes that lie between bony coverings and soft tissues of the CNS, protects the brain and spinal cord. |
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Definition
| The outermost layer of the meninges. Tough, white, fibrous connective tissue, with many blood vessels and nerves. |
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Definition
| Middle layer of meninges, thin, weblike membrane without blood vessels. |
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Definition
| Deepest layer, very thin with many nerves and blood vessels that nourish underlying cells of the brain and spinal cord. |
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Definition
| Conducting nerve impulses and serving as a center for spinal reflexes. |
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Definition
| Provides higher brain functions. Center for interpreting sensory impulses and for initiating voluntary muscular movements. Stores memory, utilizes reason. Intelligence and personality. |
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Definition
| Supports and protects the meninges, and maintains a stable ionic concentration in the CNS and provides a pathway to the blood for wastes. |
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Definition
| Messenger and editor. Sorts and directs sensory information arriving from other parts of the nervous system. |
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Definition
| Regulates variety of visceral activities, hunger, heart rate, etc. Links endocrine system with the nervous system. |
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Definition
| Controls emotional experience and expression. Located in the area of the diencephalon. |
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Definition
| Connects brain to spinal cord. Lies at base of cerebrum and consists of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. |
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Definition
| Functions to integrate sensory information about the position of body parts and coordinates skeletal muscle activity and maintains posture. |
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Definition
| Oversees voluntary activities. |
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Definition
| Controms involuntary activities. |
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Definition
| Twelve pairs, arise from underside of brain, most are mixed nerves. |
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Definition
| Thirty-one pairs of mixed nerves, grouped according to the level from which they arise. |
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Definition
| One of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, operates under conditions of stress or emergency. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, operates under normal conditions. |
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