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Chapter 9
Physics Chapter 9
80
Physics
Graduate
06/28/2009

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Term
What is the name of a ridge or hill of the cerebral cortex?
Definition
Convolutions
Term
What is the most advanced area of the brain?
Definition
Cerebral Cortex
Term
What is the main function of the cerebral cortex?
Definition
Carries out highest level of neural processing.
Term
List the four lobes.
Definition
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal.
Term
Which groove separates the frontal and parietal lobes?
Definition
Central Sulcus
Term
Which groove separates the temporal lobe from all other lobes?
Definition
Lateral Sulcus
Term
Which half of the brain receives sensory information from the left to the right?
Definition
Left
Term
Which half of the brain sends motor information to the left side of the body?
Definition
Right
Term
Generally, which half of the brain specialization is creativity and spatial perception?
Definition
Right.
Term
Generally, which half of the brain specializes in logic, analytical abilities, and language?
Definition
Left
Term
The function of the basal nuclei.
Definition
Inhibits unwanted movements, selecting purposeful movement, and postural support.
Term
What are the two components of the diencephalon?
Definition
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Term
What is the function of the thalamus?
Definition
Sensory and motor info.
Term
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Definition
Food intake.
Term
What does the pinal gland secrete and what is its secretions function?
Definition
Melatonin; daily rythm
Term
What is the most primitive area of the brain?
Definition
Limbic System
Term
Which sensory system is associated which limback system?
Definition
Olfactory System
Term
What are the functions of the limbic system?
Definition
Basic drives
Term
Which glial cell stimulates the creation of these special capillaries?
Definition
Endothelial Cells
Term
How can substances cross the BBB?
Definition
Gas/hydrophobic molecules penetrate through
Term
What molecules penetrate through endothelial cells?
Definition
Hydrophobic gases
Term
What mater is myelinated?
Definition
Whte
Term
What mater is unmyelinated?
Definition
Gray
Term
What parts of the neuron are located in the white mater?
Definition
Cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals.
Term
What fibers connect cerebral cortex with lower levels of brain/spinal cord?
Definition
Projection
Term
What fibers connect two areas of the cerebral cortex on the same side of the brain?
Definition
Corpus Callosum
Term
What is the corpus callosum?
Definition
Cerebral Hemisphere
Term
How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?
Definition
31
Term
How many pairs of spinal nerves in each section of spinal cord?
Definition
Cervical - 8, Thoractic - 12, Lumber - 5, Sacral - 5, Coccygeal - 1
Term
At which level does the adult spinal cord end?
Definition
2/3
Term
What is the bottom 1/3 of the vertebral column called?
Definition
Cauda Equina
Term
Where would you administer drugs?
Definition
Vertebral Column
Term
What are the sensory regions of the skin served by a particular spinal nerve called?
Definition
Dermatomes
Term
What shape is the gray mater in the spinal cord?
Definition
Butterfly
Term
What are the names of the posterior half and the anterior half of the gray mater?
Definition
Dorsal and Ventral
Term
Which horn of the gray mater is responsible for motor functions?
Definition
Ventral
Term
What horn is responsible for sensory function?
Definition
Dorsal
Term
What selection of the spinal cord contains a lateral horn?
Definition
Thoracic (in the Upper Lumber)
Term
What types of axon are in spinal nerves?
Definition
Efferent/Afferent
Term
What roots are bundles of nerves containing AFFERENT axons?
Definition
Dorsal
Term
What roots are bundles of nerves containing EFFERENT axons?
Definition
Ventral
Term
Identify the three portions of the brain.
Definition
Forebrain, Cerebellum, and Brainstem
Term
Two components of the forebrain?
Definition
Right and left
Term
Two components of the diencephalon?
Definition
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Term
What part of the brain provides feedback to motor systems to ensure smooth movements of the eyes and body AND functions in coordination and balance?
Definition
Cerebellum
Term
Three regions of the brainstem?
Definition
Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata
Term
What does the Reticular Formation do?
Definition
Sleep cycles
Term
What functions necessary for life does the brainstem regulate?
Definition
Involuntary Functions
Term
Name the valley or groove in the Cerebral Cortex?
Definition
Sulci
Term
Two layers of the dural meninge.
Definition
Cranial and Spinal
Term
Pathway to CSF
Definition
1. Lateral Ventricles
2. Foremen of Monroe
3. Cerebral Aqueduct
4. Central canal of spinal cord
5. Back in subarachnoid space
6. Arachoid Villi
Term
Difference between Oligo and Schwann cells.
Definition
Oligo is multiple axons; Schwann is a portion of an axon
Term
What type of glial cell is located in the PNS?
Definition
Schwann
Term
Which glial cell is phagocytic?
Definition
Microglia
Term
Functions of Astrocytes.
Definition
- Guide neurons to destination
- Remove neurotransmitters
- Maintain electrolyte comp.
- Form Blood-Brain Barrier
- Provide support
Term
T/F CSF is identical to plasma
Definition
False
Term
How many times does CSF normally recycle itself in a day?
Definition
3
Term
What are the two components of the CNS?
Definition
Brain and Spinal cord
Term
Clear, watery fluid that bathes the CNS.
Definition
CSF (Flows in central nervous system)
Term
The space between the two inner layers of the dural meninge called?
Definition
Subarachnoid Space
Term
Three meninges from bone to brain.
Definition
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, and Pia mater
Term
What area of the bone protects the spinal cord?
Definition
Vertebrae
Term
Bony protection surrounding the brain.
Definition
Cranium
Term
What is the most diverse glial cell?
Definition
Astro
Term
Which glial cell is responsible for producing CSF?
Definition
Ependymal
Term
What is the most abundent in the CNS?
Definition
Glial cells
Term
What are the physical supports of the CNS?
Definition
Bones and meninges
Term
What structure reabsorbs CSF?
Definition
15%
Term
What is the most common glial cell?
Definition
Oligo
Term
What is special about the capillaries of the BBB?
Definition
Physical barrier that restricts movement
Term
Name three places the CSF circulates?
Definition
Subarachnoid; brain; spinal cord
Term
What percent of glucose is consumed by the brain at rest?
Definition
50%
Term
What percent of oxygen is consumed by the brain at rest?
Definition
20%
Term
Why does the CNS depend on a constant blood supply for energy?
Definition
Metabolic rate
Term
Sudden decrease or stoppage of blood flow to part of the brain?
Definition
Stroke
Term
Which cells secrete CSF and where are they located?
Definition
Ependymal cells from ventricles
Term
Two classifications of CVA's
Definition
-Occlusive
- Hemorrhagic
Term
How much time does it take for most brain cells to die with loss of blood flow?
Definition
3 to 4 minutes
Term
Can brain cells regenerate?
Definition
No
Term
What is the function of the blood brain barrier?
Definition
Protects CNS from harmful substances in blood
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