Term
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Definition
| a nonuniform mixture that has regions of different composition |
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Term
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Definition
| a uniform mixture that has the same composition throughout |
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Term
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Definition
| a homogeneous mixture that contains particles the size of a typical ion or small molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| a homogeneous mixture that contains particles that range in diameter from 2 to 500 nm. |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that is dissolved in a solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance in which another substance (the solute) is disolved |
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Term
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Definition
| the clustering of solvent molecules around a dissolved solute molecule or ion |
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Term
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Definition
| having the ability to pull water molecules from the surrouni atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| mutually soluble in all proportions |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute at equilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
| the maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution that contains more than the maximum amount of dissolved solute; a nonequilibrium solution |
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Term
| mass/mass percent concentration (m/m)% |
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Definition
| Concentration expressed as the number of grams of solute per 100 grams of solution |
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Term
| volume/volume percent concentration (v/v)% |
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Definition
| Concentration expressed as the number of milliliters of solute dissolved in 100 mL of solution. |
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Term
| mass/volume percent concentration (m/v)% |
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Definition
| concentration expressed as the number of grams of solute per 100 mL of solution |
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Term
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Definition
| number of parts per 1 million |
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Term
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Definition
| number of parts per 1 billion parts |
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Term
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Definition
| concenration expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution |
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Term
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Definition
| the ratio of the initial and final solution volumes (Vc/Vd) |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that produces ions and therefore conducts electricity when dissolved in water |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that completely ionized when dissolved in water |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that is only partly ionized in water |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that does not produce ions when dissolved in water |
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Term
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Definition
| for ions, the amount equal to 1 mol of charge |
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Term
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Definition
| for ions, the molar mass of the ion divided by the ionic charge |
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Term
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Definition
| aproperty of a solution that depends only on the number of dissolved particles, not on their chemical identity |
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Term
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Definition
| the passage of solvent through a semipermiable membrane separating two solutions of different concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of external pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent the net movement of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| the sum of the molarities of all dissolved particles in a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| having the same osmolarity |
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Term
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Definition
| having an osmolarity less than the surrounding blood plasma or cells |
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Term
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Definition
| having an osmolarity greaterthan the surrounding blood plasma or cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that can donate a hydrogen ion, H+, to another molecule or ion |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that can accept H+ ions from an acid |
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Term
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Definition
| two substances whose formulas differ by only a hydrogen ion |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance formed by loss of H+ ions from an acid |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance formed by gain of H+ ions from a base |
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Term
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Definition
| an acid that gives up H+ easily and is essentially 100% dissociated in water |
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Term
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Definition
| the splitting apart of an acid in water to give H+ and nanion |
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Term
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Definition
| an acid that gives up H+ with difficulty and is less than 100% dissociated in water |
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Term
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Definition
| a base that has only a slight affinity for H+ and holds it weakly |
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Term
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Definition
| a base that has a high affinity for H+ and holds it tightly |
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Term
| acid dissociation constant |
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Definition
| the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid (HA) equal to [H+][A-]/[HA] |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that can react either as an acid or a base |
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Term
| Ion-product constant for water (Kw) |
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Definition
| the product of the H30 and OH molar concentrations in water or any aqueous solution |
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Term
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Definition
| the negative common log of some variable |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the acid strength of a solution; the negative common log of the H3O conc. |
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Term
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Definition
| a dye that changes color depending on the pH of the solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a combination of substances that act together to prevent a drastic change in pH; usually a weak acid and it's conjugate base. |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of acid that contains 1 mole of H+ ions |
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Term
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Definition
| amont of base containing 1 mole of OH- ions |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of acid (or base) equivalents per liter of solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure for determining the total acid or base concentration of a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a general term for both protons and neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
| the spontaneous emission of radiation from a nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| radioactivity consisting of high energy light waves |
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Term
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Definition
| an electron (e-) emitted as radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| a helium nucleus (He 2+) emitted as alpha radiation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the nucleus of a radioactive isotope |
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Term
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Definition
| the spontaneous emission o a particle from an unstable nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| the change of one element into another |
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Term
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Definition
| a "positive electron," which has the same mass as an electron but a positive charge |
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Term
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Definition
| a process in which the nucleus captures an inner shell electron cloud, thereby converting a proton into a neutron |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of time required for one-half of radioactive sameple to decay |
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Term
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Definition
| a sequential series of nuclear disintifgrations leading from a heavy radioisotope to a nonradioactive product |
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Term
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Definition
| a general name for high-energy radiation of all kinds |
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Term
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Definition
| electromagnetic radiation with an energy somewhat less than that of gamma rays |
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Term
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Definition
| a mixture of high energy particles-- primarily of protons and various atomic nuclei -- that shower earth from outer space |
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Term
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Definition
| the change of one atom into another brought about by a nuclear bombardment reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| the fragmenting of heavy nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| the joining together of light nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| a reaction that, once started, is self sustaining |
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Term
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Definition
| the minimum amount of radioactive material needed to sustain a nuclear reaction |
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