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| the process of thinking of mentally processing information (images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols). |
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| a mental representation that has picture like qualities; an icon. |
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| a generalized idea representing a category of related objects or events. |
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| words or symbols, and rules for combining them, that are used for thinking and communication. |
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| the process of classifying information into meaningful categories. |
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| a class of objects that have two or more features in common |
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| concept defined by the relationship between features of an object or between an object and its surroundings. |
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| concept defined by the presence of at least one of several possible features. |
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| an ideal model used as a prime example of a particular concept |
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| the exact dictionary definition of a word of concept; its objective meaning. |
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| the subjective, personal or emotional meaning of a word or concept. |
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| the basic speech sounds of a language. |
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| the smallest meaningful units in a language, such as syllables or words. |
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| a set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or writing. |
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| rules for ordering words when forming sentences. |
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| rules by which a simple declarative sentence may be changed to other voices or forms (past tense, passive voice, etc). |
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| a problem solution achieved by trial and error or by a fixed procedure based on learned rules. |
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| a learned set of rules that always leads to the correct solution of a problem. |
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| understanding (in problem solving) |
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| a deeper comprehension of the nature of the problem |
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| a solution that correctly states the requirements for success but not in enough detail for further action. |
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| a detailed, practical and workable solution |
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| trying possible solutions to a problem in a more or less random order |
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| any strategy or technique that aids problem solving, especially by limiting the number of possible solutions to be tried. |
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| a sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious. |
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| the tendency to repeat wrong solutions or faulty responses, especially as a result of becoming blind to alternatives. |
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| a rigidity in problem solving caused by an inability to see new uses for familiar objects |
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| thinking in which a general rule or principle is gathered from a series of specific examples; for instance, inferring the laws of gravity by observing many falling objects. |
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| thought that applies a general set of rules to specific situations; for example, using the laws of gravity to predict the behavior of a single falling object. |
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| drawing conclusions on the basis of formal principles of reasoning |
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| thought that is intuitive, haphazard, or irrational |
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| in tests of creativity, fluency refers to the total number of solutions produced |
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| in tests of creativity, flexibility is indicated by the number of different types of solutions produced. |
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| in tests of creativity, originality refers to how novel or unusual situations are. |
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| thinking directed toward discovery of a single established correct answer; conventional thinking. |
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| thinking that produces many ideas or alternatives; a major element in original or creative thought. |
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| quick, impulsive thought that does not make use of formal logic or clear reasoning. |
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| representativeness heuristic |
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| a tendency to select wrong answers because they seem to match preexisting mental categories. |
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| the basic rate at which an event occurs over time; the basic probability of an event. |
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| in thought, the terms in which a problem is stated or the way that it is structured. |
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| an overall capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with one's environment. |
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| a general ability factor or core of general intellectual ability that involves reasoning, problem solving ability, knowledge, memory, and successful adaptation to one's surroundings. |
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| the average mental ability that people display at a given age. |
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| intelligence quotient (IQ) |
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| an index of intelligence defined as a person's mental age divided by his or her chronological age and multiplied by 100 |
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| an IQ obtained statistically from a person's relative standing in his or her age group; that is, how far above or below average the person's score was relative to other scores. |
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| intelligence measured by solving puzzles, assembling objects, completing pictures and other nonverbal tasks. |
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| intelligence measured by asking questions involving vocabulary, general information, arithmetic, and other language or symbol oriented tasks. |
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| individual intelligence test |
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| a test of intelligence designed to be given to a single individual by a trained specialist |
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| intelligence test that can be administered to a group of people with minimal supervision. |
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| a bell shaped curve characterized by a large number of scores in a middle area, tapering to a very few extremely high and low scores. |
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| the possession of a very high IQ or special talents and aptitudes |
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| the presence of a developmental disability, a formal IQ score below 70, or a significant impairment of adaptive behavior. |
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| howard gardner's theory that there are several specialized types of intellectual ability. |
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| artificial intelligence (AI) |
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| an artificial system (usually a computer program) that is capable of human-like problem solving or intelligent responding. |
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| a comparison of the characteristics of twins who were raised together or separated at birth; used to identify the relative impact of heredity and environment. |
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| a test (such as an IQ test) designed to minimize the importance of skills and knowledge that may be more common in some cultures than in others. |
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