Term
|
Definition
| Harvesting chemical energy in the form of ATP from food molecules with oxygen as the final electron acceptor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PROTON COMPLEX THAT PRODUCES ATP
A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial cristae (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a hydrogen-ion concentration gradient to make ATP. ATP synthases provide a port through which hydrogen ions diffuse into the matrix of a mitrochondrion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability of certain membranes to use chemical energy to pump H ions & harness E stored in H+ gradient to drive cellular work including ATP synthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An iron-containing protein, a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group of molecules in the inner membrane of the mitochondria that synthesize ATP by means of exergonic slide of e-, thylokoid membranes of chloroplasts are also equiped with e- transport chains. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end-product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction. |
|
|
Term
| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
|
Definition
| The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The electron donor in a redox reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The electron acceptor in a redox reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pyrovate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate as waste product with no release in CO2. Occurs in human muscle cells with O2 is scarce. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pyruvate is converted to ethyl alcohol in two steps IN THE ABSENSE of OXYGEN |
|
|
