Term
| incomplete emtying of the bladder or cessation of urination; it may be acute or chronic. |
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Definition
Urinary Retention
in either sex, retention may be due to drugs, (anticholinergic effecting drugs), severe fecal impaction, or neurologic bladder due to diabetes, MS, Parkinsons, or prior pelvic surgery resulting in bladder denervation. |
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Term
this can cause urinary frequency and urge or overflow incontinence. It may cause abdominal distention and pain.
when retention develops slowly, pain may be absent. |
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Definition
Urinary Retention
*long standing urinary retention predisposes to UTI and can increase bladder pressure, causing obstructive uropathy. |
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Term
diagnosis is obvious in patiens who can not void.
In those who can void, diagnosis is by post void catherization showing residual urine vomume >100ml.
Other tests (urinalysis, blood tests, ultrasonography, urodynamic testing, cystoscopy, cystography) are done based on clinical findings. |
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Definition
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Term
an involuntary loss of urine.
some experts consider it present only when a patient thinks it is a problem. the disorder is greatly underrecognized and underreported.
more common among the elderly and among women, affecting 30% elderly women, and 15% elderly men. |
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Definition
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Term
this condition greatly reduces quality of life due to embarrssment, stigmatization, isolation, and depression.
many elderly have been institutionalized because incontinence is a burden to caregivers. In bedbond patients, urine irritates and macerates skin; this contribues to sacral pressure and ulcer formation.
elderly people are at increased falls and fractures due to this condition. |
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Definition
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Term
a noninfectious bladder infection that causes pain (suprapubic, pelvic, and abdominal), urinary frequency, and urgency with incontinence.
diagnosis is by history and exclusion of other disorders by using cystoscopy and biopsy. |
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Definition
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Term
| with treatment, most patients improve, but cure is rare. |
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Definition
interstitial cystitis
(a noninfectious bladder inflammation that causes pain, urinary frequency, and urgency with incontinence.) |
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Term
| this condition is usually spread hematogenously and commonly originates from the GI tract. |
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Definition
Renal candidiasis
*ascending infection is possible and occurs mainly in patients with nephrostomy tubes, other permanent indwelling devices, and stents. |
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Term
At high risk for this condition are patients who are immunocompromized because of tumor, AIDS, chemotherapy, or immunosuppressants.
renal transplantation increases the risk because of the combination of indwelling catheters, stents, antibiotics, anastomotic leaks, obstruction, and immunosupportive therapy. |
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Definition
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Term
| occurs with urinary catheters, typically after bacteriuria and antibiotic therapy, although candidial and bacterial infections frequenty occur simultaneously. |
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Definition
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Term
| Their presence alone indicates infection. |
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Definition
| invasive fungi: Cryptococcus neoformans, Asperigillus sp., Mucoraceae sp., Histoplasma capsulatum, may infect the kidneys as part of systemic or disseminated mycotic infection. |
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Term
| fungal infections of the urinary tract primairly affect the |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of infection can involve the urethra, prostate, bladder, or kidneys. |
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Definition
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Term
symptoms maybe absent or include urinary frequency, and urgency, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, and flank pain.
systemic symptoms and even sepis may occur with kidney infection. |
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Definition
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Term
| diagnosis is based on analysis and culture of urine. |
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Definition
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Term
| solid particles in the urinary system. |
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Definition
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Term
these may cause pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, and possibly chills and fever from secondary infection.
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Definition
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Term
| diagnosis is based on urinalysis and radiologic imaging, usually noncontrast helical CT. |
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Definition
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Term
| a decrease in blood flow through one or both of the main renal arteries or branches. |
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Definition
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Term
| a complete blockage of blood flow through one or both of the main renal arteries or its branches. |
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Definition
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Term
symptoms of acute occulsion include steady, aching flank pain, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting and hematuria.
acute renal failure may develop. |
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Definition
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Term
diagnosis is by imaging tests (CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography)
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Definition
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Term
| treatment is with antiocoagulaton and sometimes fibrinolytics and surgical or catheter based embolectomy, or a combination. |
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Definition
| treament of acute occulsion |
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Term
| diagnosis is based on laboratory tests of renal function, including serum creatinine. Urinary indexes, urinary sediment examination, and often imaging and other tests are needed to determine the cause. |
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Definition
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Term
a rapid decrease of renal funciton over days to weeks, causing accumulation of nitrogenous products in the blood (azotemia).
it often results from major trauma, illness, or surgery by is sometimes caused by a rapidly progressive intrinsic renal disease. |
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Definition
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Term
syptoms include anorexia, nausea, vomiting. seizures and coma can occur if not treated.
fluid, electrolyte, and acid base disorders develop quickly. |
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Definition
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