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Definition
| the principal that earths history can be explained by current geologic processes |
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Definition
| younger layers of undisturbed sedimentary rock are above older layers according to |
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Definition
| the age of an object in relation to the ages of other objects |
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Term
| cross cutting relationships |
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Definition
| a fault or body of rock is younger than any other body of rock it cuts through according to |
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Term
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Definition
| how much sedimentary rock is deposited over 1,000 years |
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Definition
| used to date objects less than 70,000 years old |
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Term
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Definition
| how many years of deposition are represented by a single varve |
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Term
| rates of erosion may greatly vary over a million years |
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Definition
| rates of erosion are not used to date geographical features over a million years old because |
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| formed during the same period of time |
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Definition
| index fossils found in rock layer in different areas of the world indicate that the rock layers |
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Definition
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| most bacteria survive freezing temperatures |
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Definition
| a frozen organism does not decay because |
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Term
| lived during short spans of geologic time |
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Definition
| organisms that formed index fossils |
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Definition
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Definition
| the way fossils are formed in very dry places |
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| tree sap that fossilizes insects |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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| law of cross cutting relationship is applied |
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Definition
| if igneous intrusion is observed through a layer of sedimentary rock, what geologic law applies |
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Term
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Definition
| using rates of erosion to determine absolute age of a geologic feature is practically only for features formed |
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Term
| radioactive decay does not happen at a constant rate |
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Definition
| why is radioactive decay used to determine the absolute age of rocks |
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Term
| a stone that was inside a dinosaur |
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Definition
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Term
| carbonized impressions of plants or fish |
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Definition
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Term
| current geologic processes can explain past processes |
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Definition
| the principal of uniformitarianism states that |
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Term
| amber, petrification, mummification, freezing |
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Definition
| which of the following are all ways that organisms can be fossilized |
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Term
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Definition
| in radiometric dating, scientists compare the proportion of a radioactive parent isotope to a stable |
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Term
| measure the rate at which the stream erodes its bed |
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Definition
| one method used to estimate the absolute age of a stream is to |
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Term
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Definition
| comparing a varve to a tree the sediment layers of the varve are like |
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Term
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Definition
| when mineral solutions replace original organic materials to create a fossil, the process is called |
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Term
| variation in the rates of erosion increases over time, the grand canyon formed over millions of years, so the rate of erosion varies greatly |
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Definition
| explain why rates of erosion may be used to determine the absolute age of geologic features formed within the past 10,000 to 20,000 years but not for older features such as the grand canyon |
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Term
| geologists use the law of superposition to determine which rock layers in a bed are older or younger generally, sedimentary rock layers are older than the layers above and younger than the layers below |
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Definition
| explain how the law of superposition is used to determine the age of rocks |
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Term
| the law of crosscutting relationships can be used to determine the relative age of rock layers. when a fault or other crack in earths surface makes rocks shift position, the fault is always younger than the rock layers it cuts through |
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Definition
| what is the law of cross cutting relationships |
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Term
| rock deposited in horizontal layers is folded or tilted then erodes. then a new sedimentary layer is deposited on top of the tilted layer |
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Definition
| what is an angular unconformity |
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Term
| the parent isotope is the original radioactive isotope, the daughter isotope is the newly formed stable isotope after radioactive decay |
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Definition
| what is the difference between a parent isotope and a daughter isotope |
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Term
| the igneous intrusion is younger |
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Definition
| what is the relative age of an igneous intrusion in a layer of sedimentary rock |
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Term
| sedimentary rocks left undisturbed will remain in horizontal layers |
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Definition
| what is the principal of original horizontality |
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Term
| they would analyze coprolites |
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Definition
| what type of fossil would scientists use to get information about what ancient animals ate |
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