Term
| What are Joints/Articulations? |
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Definition
| connections between bones that may or may not permit movement |
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Term
| What is usually involved in holding joints together? |
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Definition
- cartilage,
- fluid connective tissues
- dense connective tissues
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Term
| How are joints classified? |
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Definition
- by the amount of movement they allow (immoveable, freely moveable)
- tissue used to connect bones
- structure
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Term
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Definition
IMMOVABLE JOINT
edges of bones are very close together and may even interlock
(sutures) |
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Term
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Definition
SLIGHTLY MOVABLE
joints are connected at more of a distance
(syndesmosis, symphysis) |
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Term
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Definition
| found only in the skull, edges interlock and short dense connective tissue fibers hold the bones together |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when two bones are connected by relatively long connective tissue ligaments |
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Term
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Definition
| connection of bones by fibrocartilage bad |
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Term
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Definition
FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS
synovial joints, specialized to allow movement |
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Term
| What 6 characteristics do all synovial joints have? |
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Definition
- joint capsule
- articular cartilages
- joint cavity with synovial fluid
- synovial membrane
- accessory structures
- sensory nerves and blood vessels
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Term
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Definition
| smooth, reduce friction and absorb shock in the joint |
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Term
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Definition
| thick layer of dense connective tissue that surrounds all synovial joints |
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Term
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Definition
| lining of joint capsule which produces synovial fluid |
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Term
| What are the 3 functions of synovial fluid? |
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Definition
- lubricate the surfaces of articular cartilages
- nourishes chondrocytes
- absorbs shock
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Term
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Definition
| fibrocartilage pads that change the shape of the joint cavity; may divide the cavity, restrict movement, or direct the flow of synovial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| protect the articular cartilages and fill in spaces when the joint moves; found at the periphery of the joint |
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Term
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Definition
| dense connective tissues that stabilize the joint |
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Term
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Definition
| capsular ligaments, are local areas of thickened joint capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| separate from the joint capsule and may be either inside or outside the joint cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrous connective tissue connections of muscle to bone (not part of joint but cross a joint so therefore stabilize joint) |
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Term
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Definition
| small synovial fluid filled pockets found in the connective tissue surrounding joints; found where friction occurs between tendons, ligaments, and other structures (reduces friction) |
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Term
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Definition
| tubular bursae that surround tendons that cross a bony surface |
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Term
| What joints are the strongest and why? |
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Definition
| synarthrosis; because as a joint gains movement it loses stability |
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Term
| What are some factors that cause a joint to lose mobility as it gains stability? |
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Definition
- more collages fibers fill in the joint capsule
- shapes of articular cartilage limiting movement
- presence of bones, muscles, and fat around the joint
- tensions in tendons attached near the joint
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Term
| What are the 3 planes of motion of joints? |
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Definition
- linear motion
- angular motion
- rotation
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Term
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Definition
| permit movement in only one plane |
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Term
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Definition
| permit movement in two planes, or one plane and rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| permits movement in two planes plus rotation |
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Term
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Definition
- linear motion
- carpals, tarsals, sternoclavicular joints
- small amounts of movement allowed and no rotation possible
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Term
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Definition
- angular motion
- movement away or back to the longitudinal axis in the frontal plane
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Term
| Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension |
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Definition
- angular motion
- reducing or increasing the angle of a joint in the saggital plane
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Term
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Definition
- angular motion
- combines abduction, adduction, flexion, extension to result in complete circle
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Term
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Definition
| one end of a joint remains stationary and the other end twists |
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Term
| Plane Joints/Gliding Joints |
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Definition
| have two different degree of movement; joints that allow slight movement, and joints that allow some movement in all directions |
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Term
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Definition
| permit only flexion and extension and therefore are monaxial joints |
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Term
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Definition
| allow only rotation movements |
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Term
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Definition
| contain bones with oval surfaces; biaxial allowing flexion/extension and abduction/adduction |
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Term
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Definition
| facets resemble saddles, biaxial and allow circumduction |
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Term
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Definition
| most flexible of all jones, triaxial joints |
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Term
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Definition
| cushioned pads of fibrocartilage between vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| tough outer layer of vertebral disc made of fibrocartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| soft, elastic, gelatinous core of intervertebral disc |
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Term
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Definition
| general term that indicates pain and stiffness affecting the skeletal system |
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Term
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Definition
| encompasses all rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints; involves damage to articular cartilages |
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Term
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Definition
| bones may weaken to the point at which fractures occur in response to stresses that could easily be tolerated by normal bones |
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